4,5-Dihydro-5-thioxo-]<i>H</i>-tetrazoie-l-alkanoic and alkanesulfonic acids and their amide derivatives
作者:David A. Berges、George W. Chan、Theodore J. Polansky、John J. Taggart、George L. Dunn
DOI:10.1002/jhet.5570150615
日期:1978.9
Homologous 4,5-dihydro-5-thioxo-1H-tetrazole-l-alkanoic and alkanesulfonicacids were prepared by reaction of sodium azide with methyl (carboxyalkyl)- and (sulfoalkyl) carbamodithioates, respectively. 4,5-Dihydro-5-thioxo-1H-tetrazole-i-alkanamides were derived from the corresponding alkanoic acids by aminolysis of their acid chlorides or imidazolides. Analogous alkane-sulfonamides were synthesized
New semisynthetic cephalosporins having antibacterial activity are described. The structures of the new compounds are characterized by having an .alpha.-oxyimino group in the 7-acetamidomoiety plus a carboxyalkyltetrazolylthiomethyl group at position 3.
The compounds of this invention are cephalosporins having various acyl substituents at the 7-position and a substituted tetrazolyl thiomethyl group at the 3-position of the cephem nucleus and intermediates for the preparation thereof. The 7-acylated compounds have antibacterial activity.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aminoguanidine and Diaminoguanidine Analogues of the Antidiabetic/Antiobesity Agent 3-Guanidinopropionic Acid
作者:Valerie A. Vaillancourt、Scott D. Larsen、Steven P. Tanis、Jeffery E. Burr、Mark A. Connell、Michele M. Cudahy、Bruce R. Evans、Peter V. Fisher、Paul D. May、Martin D. Meglasson、Deborah D. Robinson、F. Craig Stevens、John A. Tucker、Thomas J. Vidmar、Jen H. Yu
DOI:10.1021/jm000094n
日期:2001.4.1
3-Guanidinopropionic acid (1) has been demonstrated both to improve insulin sensitivity and to promote weight loss selectively from adipose tissue in animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, 1 has also been shown to be a substrate for both the creatine transporter and creatine kinase, leading to marked accumulation in muscle tissue as the corresponding N-phosphate. The corresponding aminoguanidine analogue 2 was recently discovered to retain the antidiabetic activity of 1 while being markedly less susceptible to creatine-like metabolism, suggesting that it should have less potential to accumulate in muscle. Further structural modification of 2 was undertaken to investigate whether the antidiabetic potency could be augmented while maintaining resistance to creatine-like metabolism. Modifications such as a-alkylation, homologation, and bioisosteric replacement of the aminoguanidine all were detrimental to antidiabetic activity. However, the simple regioisomeric aminoguanidinoacetic acid 9 and diaminoguanidinoacetic acid-analogue 7 were found to be equipotent to 2, leading eventually to the discovery of the significantly more potent diaminoguanidinoacetic acid regioisomers 52 and 53. Further attempts to modify the more active template represented by 52 led only to reductions in; antidiabetic activity. Each of the new active analogues displayed the same resistance to creatine-like metabolism as 2. Further testing of 7, 9, and 53 in obese diabetic ob;lob mice confirmed that weight loss is induced selectively from adipose tissue, similar to the lead 1. Administration of 53 to insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys led to reductions in both fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose levels with concomitant reductions in plasma insulin levels, suggesting that the compound improved the action of endogenous insulin. Compounds 7 and 53 were selected for further preclinical development.