3'-叠氮胸苷(AZT)是第一个被批准用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的抗病毒药物。据报道,点击 AZT 的 3'-叠氮基团的努力并未产生对 HIV 或任何其他病毒具有活性的 1,2,3-三唑。我们在此报告了第一个 AZT 衍生的 1,2,3-三唑,具有亚微摩尔抗 HIV-1 效力。通过单复制周期测定证实了基于细胞病变效应(CPE)的测定中观察到的抗病毒活性。结构-活性-关系 (SAR) 研究揭示了抗病毒活性的两个关键结构特征:庞大的芳环和三唑上的 1,5-取代模式。相应三磷酸盐的生化分析显示,与 AZT 相比,ATP 介导的核苷酸切除效率较低,这与分子模型一起表明了三唑优先易位到 HIV 逆转录酶 (RT) P 位点的机制。这一机制得到了观察到的三唑类似物对 AZT 抗性 HIV 变体的耐药性倍数降低的证实(AZT 为 9 倍,而 AZT 为 56 倍)。
3′-[4-Aryl-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)]-3′-deoxythymidine Analogues as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Mitochondrial Thymidine Kinase
作者:Sara Van Poecke、Ana Negri、Federico Gago、Ineke Van Daele、Nicola Solaroli、Anna Karlsson、Jan Balzarini、Serge Van Calenbergh
DOI:10.1021/jm901532h
日期:2010.4.8
In an effort to increase the potency and selectivity of earlier identified substrate-based inhibitors of mitochondrial thymidine kinase 2 (TK-2), we now describe the synthesis of new thymidine analogues containing a 4- or 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl substituent at the 3'-position of the 2'-deoxyribofuranosyl ring. These analogues were prepared by Cu- and Ru-catalyzed cycloadditions of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and the appropriate alkynes, which produced the 1,4- and 1,5-triazoles, respectively. Selected analogues showed nanomolar inhibitory activity for TK-2, while virtually not affecting the TK-1 counterpart. Enzyme kinetics indicated a competitive and uncompetitive inhibition profile against thymidine and the cosubstrate ATP, respectively. This behavior is rationalized by suggesting that the inhibitors occupy the substrate-binding site in a TK-2 ATP complex that maintains the enzyme's active site in a closed conformation through the stabilization of a small lid domain.
Clicking 3′-Azidothymidine into Novel Potent Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
作者:Venkata Ramana Sirivolu、Sanjeev Kumar V. Vernekar、Tatiana Ilina、Nataliya S. Myshakina、Michael A. Parniak、Zhengqiang Wang
DOI:10.1021/jm401232v
日期:2013.11.14
3′-Azidothymidine (AZT) was the first approved antiviral for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Reported efforts in clicking the 3′-azido group of AZT have not yielded 1,2,3-triazoles activeagainstHIV or any other viruses. We report herein the first AZT-derived 1,2,3-triazoles with submicromolar potencies against HIV-1. The observed antiviral activities from the cytopathic effect
3'-叠氮胸苷(AZT)是第一个被批准用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的抗病毒药物。据报道,点击 AZT 的 3'-叠氮基团的努力并未产生对 HIV 或任何其他病毒具有活性的 1,2,3-三唑。我们在此报告了第一个 AZT 衍生的 1,2,3-三唑,具有亚微摩尔抗 HIV-1 效力。通过单复制周期测定证实了基于细胞病变效应(CPE)的测定中观察到的抗病毒活性。结构-活性-关系 (SAR) 研究揭示了抗病毒活性的两个关键结构特征:庞大的芳环和三唑上的 1,5-取代模式。相应三磷酸盐的生化分析显示,与 AZT 相比,ATP 介导的核苷酸切除效率较低,这与分子模型一起表明了三唑优先易位到 HIV 逆转录酶 (RT) P 位点的机制。这一机制得到了观察到的三唑类似物对 AZT 抗性 HIV 变体的耐药性倍数降低的证实(AZT 为 9 倍,而 AZT 为 56 倍)。