Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of alkoxy-3-indolylacetic acids as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/δ agonists
摘要:
A series of alkoxy-3-indolylacetic acid analogs has been discovered as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists. Structure-activity relationship study indicated that PPAR alpha/gamma/delta activities were dependent on the nature of the hydrophobic group, the attachment position of the alkoxy linker to the indole ring, and N-alkylation of indole nitrogen. Some compounds presented significant PPAR gamma/delta activity and molecular modeling suggested their putative binding modes in the ligand binding domain of PPAR gamma. Of these, compound 51 was selected for in vivo study via an evaluation of microsomal stability in mouse and human liver. Compound 51 lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HbA1c without gain in body weight in db/db mice. When compound 51 was treated, hepatic triglycerides level and the size of adipocytes in white adipose tissue of db/db mice were also reduced as opposed to treatment with rosiglitazone. Taken together, compound 51 shows high potential warranting further studies in models for diabetes and related metabolic disorders and may be in use as a chemical tool for the understanding of PPAR biology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters which can be processed in the molten state containing moieties derived from a dicarboxylic aromatic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzophenone optionally in a mixture with a substituted hydroquinone.
Pd/C-Catalyzed Chemoselective Hydrogenation in the Presence of a Phenolic MPM Protective Group Using Pyridine as a Catalyst Poison.
作者:Hironao Sajiki、Kosaku Hirota
DOI:10.1248/cpb.51.320
日期:——
Employment of a Pd/C–pyridine combination as a catalyst is a very useful method for the selective removal (hydrogenolysis) of phenolic O-benzyl, N-Cbz and benzyl ester protective groups and for the selective hydrogenation of nitro and olefin functions of phenol derivatives protected with the MPM group. These discriminatory results are apparently attributable to the effect of pyridine. The MPM group could be extensively applied to chemoselective hydrogenation as a protective group for phenolic hydroxyl functions.