G-Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (GPBAR1, TGR5) Agonists Reduce the Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Stabilize the Alternative Macrophage Phenotype
摘要:
GPBAR1 (also known as TGR5) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that triggers intracellular signals upon ligation by various bile acids. The receptor has been studied mainly for its function in energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, and there is little information on the role of GPBAR1 in the context of inflammation. After a high-throughput screening campaign, we identified isonicotinamides exemplified by compound 3 as nonsteroidal GPBAR1 agonists. We optimized this series to potent derivatives that are active on both human and murine GPBAR1. These agonists inhibited the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-12 but not the antiinflammatory IL-10 in primary human monocytes. These effects translate in vivo, as compound 15 inhibits LPS induced TNF-alpha and IL-12 release in mice. The response was GPBAR1 dependent, as demonstrated using knockout mice. Furthermore, agonism of GPBAR1 stabilized the phenotype of the alternative, noninflammatory, M2-like type cells during differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. Overall, our results illustrate an important regulatory role for GPBAR1 agonists as controllers of inflammation.
Compounds of Formula (I) wherein R
1
is aryl, cyclohexyl or heterocyclyl, or (C
1-4
)alkyl substituted by aryl, cyclohexyl or heterocyclyl, R
2
is defined heterocyclyl, R
3
is alkyl, aryl, cyclohexyl or heterocyclyl, or (C
1-4
)alkyl substituted by aryl, cyclohexyl or heterocyclyl, R
4
is H or alkyl, or R
3
and R
4
together with the carbon atom to which they are attached are cycloalkyl fused with aryl, and their use as pharmaceuticals.
THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT OF SUBOPTIMALLY ADMINISTERED CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
申请人:BROWN Dennis M.
公开号:US20160045502A1
公开(公告)日:2016-02-18
The present invention describes methods and compositions for improving the therapeutic efficacy of therapeutic agents previously limited by suboptimal therapeutic performance by either improving efficacy as monotherapy or reducing side effects. Such methods and compositions are particularly applicable to mustard-based alkylating agents such as uracil mustard and analogs, derivatives, or prodrugs thereof, including 6-methyluracil mustard and 6-ethyluracil mustard.
Use of dianhydrogalactitol and analogs and derivatives thereof to treat recurrent malignant glioma or progressive secondary brain tumor
申请人:DelMar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
公开号:US11026914B2
公开(公告)日:2021-06-08
Methods and compositions suitable for the treatment of malignancies such as recurrent glioma and progressive secondary brain tumor are disclosed. These methods employ a hexitol derivative such as dianhydrogalactitol, a derivative or analog of dianhydrogalactitol, diacetyldianhydrogalactitol, or a derivative or analog of diacetyldianhydrogalactitol. The compositions can include such hexitol derivatives.
AMIDE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR THE TREAMENT OF G PROTEIN RELATED DISEASES
申请人:NOVARTIS AG
公开号:EP2001851A2
公开(公告)日:2008-12-17
METHODS FOR TREATING TYROSINE-KINASE-INHIBITOR-RESISTANT MALIGNANCIES IN PATIENTS WITH GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OR AHI1 DYSREGULATIONS OR MUTATIONS EMPLOYING DIANHYDROGALACTITOL, DIACETYLDIANHYDROGALACTITOL, DIBROMODULCITOL, OR ANALOGS OR DERIVATIVES THEREOF