Secondary amine/nitric oxide complex ions, R2N[N(O)NO]-. O-Functionalization chemistry
作者:Joseph E. Saavedra、Tambra M. Dunams、Judith L. Flippen-Anderson、Larry K. Keefer
DOI:10.1021/jo00049a017
日期:1992.11
Alkylation of the R2N[N(O)NO]- anion has been studied with the aim of extending the reaction's scope, probing its stereochemistry, and exploring the reactivity of its variously functionalized products. Using the sodium salt of the R = Et ion (1) as the standard starting material, numerous novel products having the structure Et2N[N2O2]R]' (2) were isolated from its reaction with alkyl halides, sulfate esters, and oxiranes. In addition to previously described examples in which R' is a simple straight-chain alkyl or benzyl group, new compound types in which R' is hydroxylated, halide-containing, alpha-methoxylated, and olefinic were prepared. The 2-bromoethyl derivative could be dehydrohalogenated to the O-vinyl compound or further reacted with other nucleophiles such as amines, water, or a second mole of 1 to produce additional new compound types. Ethylation of 1 appeared to occur exclusively at the terminal oxygen to give Et2NN(O)=NOEt as the only isomer detected; this conclusion regarding the regiochemistry of the reaction conflicts with that found in the previous literature, but its generality was supported by X-ray crystallographic analysis of the Et2NN(O)=NOCH2CH2(NC5H5)+Br- analogue. Hydrolytic decomposition of 2 was slow, even for the O-vinyl and -methoxymethyl derivatives, as reflected in the sluggish loss of the intense chromophore these compounds characteristically show at 225-245 nm (epsilon (6.5-9) x 10(3) M-1 cm-1); half-lives at 37-degrees-C for the latter two compounds were 12 h in 0.1 M HCl and 9 h in 1 M HCl respectively. N-Nitrosodiethylamine was a frequent byproduct of both the synthesis and hydrolysis of 2. The results should aid the effort to design prodrug derivatives of 1, a compound type which has recently been shown to exhibit useful pharmacological effects.