The Activation of Carbon−Chlorine Bonds in Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Chlorides: DMSO-Induced Hydroperfluoroalkylation of Alkenes and Alkynes with Sodium Dithionite
作者:Zheng-Yu Long、Qing-Yun Chen
DOI:10.1021/jo9900937
日期:1999.6.1
omega-dichloroperfluoroalkanes, the similarly stepwise reactions with an alkene is not clean, both bis-adducts and the corresponding omega-hydrides, RCH(2)CH(2)(CF(2))(n)()H as byproducts are also formed. In the absence of alkenes or alkynes, per- and polyfluoroalkyl chlorides can be converted to their sulfinate salts and sulfonyl chlorides.
Polar Effects in Free-Radical Reactions. The Paradox of Reduction of Alkyl Iodides and Reductive Alkylation of Alkenes by Strong Oxidants (<i>t</i>-BuOOH, Pb(OAc)<sub>4</sub>)
Alkanes are directly iodinated by perfluoroalkyl iodides by a free-radical chain process initiated by t-BuOOH in acetic acid solution. The initially formed iodoalkanes are reduced back to alkanes by excess t-BuOOH; the rate constant for hydrogen abstraction from t-BuOOH by a primary alkyl radical has been roughly evaluated to be ∼104 M-1 s-1. Two new procedures for the reductive alkylation of alkenes
The present invention relates to a composition for use in the treatment of retinal detachment. In particular, the composition comprises a mixture of at least two oils and one or more semifluorinated alkanes for use as temporary tamponades in the treatment of retinal detachment.