Fluorination reaction of alkenes with iodine and HF·pyridine complex (pyr·9HF) was performed under mild conditions in the presence of K2S2O8 or Na2S2O8 as an oxidant. Aliphatic and aromatic alkenes underwent iodofluorination to give the iodofluorinated products with high regioselectivity. The substitution reactions of the iodofluorinated product by nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen nucleophiles indicated
在K 2 S 2 O 8或Na 2 S 2 O 8氧化剂存在下,烯烃与碘和HF·吡啶络合物(pyr·9HF)的氟化反应在温和条件下进行。脂肪族和芳香族烯烃经过碘氟化反应得到具有高区域选择性的碘氟化产物。氮、硫和氧亲核试剂对碘氟化产物的取代反应表明其进一步用作合成 2-氟烷基取代化合物的构建单元。
Halofluorination of Alkenes Using Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid
作者:Manabu Kuroboshi、Tamejiro Hiyama
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.68.1799
日期:1995.7
Iodofluorination of alkenes was achieved with N-iodosuccinimide, potassium hydrogendifluoride, and 1 M hydrofluoric acid using tetrabutylammonium fluoride as a phase-transfer catalyst. The active fluorinating reagent was shown to be tetrabutylammonium dihydrogentrifluoride by preparing the salt in a different way and by effecting the same transformation under anhydrous conditions. Bromofluorination
使用四丁基氟化铵作为相转移催化剂,用 N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺、二氟化氢钾和 1 M 氢氟酸实现烯烃的碘氟化。通过以不同的方式制备盐并在无水条件下进行相同的转化,活性氟化试剂显示为四丁基二氟化氢铵。烯烃的溴氟化也使用 1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲进行。用 DBU 处理 I-F 加合物可立体定向地提供氟烯烃。
Flow electrochemistry: a safe tool for fluorine chemistry
作者:Bethan Winterson、Tim Rennigholtz、Thomas Wirth
DOI:10.1039/d1sc02123k
日期:——
The heightened activity of compounds containing fluorine, especially in the field of pharmaceuticals, provides major impetus for the development of new fluorination procedures. A scalable, versatile, and safe electrochemical fluorination protocol is conferred. The strategy proceeds through a transient (difluoroiodo)arene, generated by anodic oxidation of an iodoarene mediator. Even the isolation of
含氟化合物的活性增强,特别是在制药领域,为新氟化工艺的开发提供了主要动力。提供了一种可扩展、通用且安全的电化学氟化方案。该策略通过碘芳烃介体的阳极氧化产生瞬态(二氟碘)芳烃来进行。甚至二氟化碘( III )的分离也很容易,因为电解是在没有其他试剂的情况下进行的。通过将电解步骤与流动中的下游反应耦合,以高产率实现了广泛的高价碘介导的反应,超越了间歇化学的限制。(二氟碘)芳烃有毒且化学不稳定,因此不间断生成和立即流动使用非常有利。高流速使生产率高达 834 mg h -1,同时大大缩短了反应时间。集成到全自动机器和在线淬火是减少氢氟酸使用带来的危害的关键。
The combination of ammonium hydrogen fluoride and aluminium fluoride an efficient solid fluoride source for halofluorination of alkenes
The combination of ammonium hydrogenfluoride and porous aluminiumfluoride (NH4HF2-AlF3) is a useful solidreagent for introducing fluorine to simple alkenes with N-halosuccinimide under sonication to afford the halofluorinated compounds.
Halofluorination of olefins: elucidation of reaction characteristics and applications in labeling with the positron-emitting radionuclide fluorine-18
作者:Yoon Chi Dae、Dale O. Kiesewetter、John A. Katzenellenbogen、Michael R. Kilbourn、Michael J. Welch
DOI:10.1016/s0022-1139(00)85091-5
日期:1986.2
Olefin halofluorination involves the in situ generation of a halogen-fluoride reagent and subsequent addition to an olefin. The characteristics of this reaction were investigated with three model olefins (allylbenzene, 1-hexene and propene) in order to assess its potential for labeling molecules with the positron-emitting radionuclide fluorine-18 at the no-carrier-added level. The most favorable conditions