different derivatives and depend on the substituents in the aromatic and/or heterocyclic moiety. The rate-limiting step of hydrolysis of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one consists of the non-catalysed decomposition of the tetrahedral intermediate. In the case of 3-bromo-1-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one at sodium hydroxide concentrations below 0.1 mol l−1, the rate-limiting step is the second reaction pathway
对取代的4-氯-N-苯基丁酰胺在氢氧化钠水溶液中的化学行为的研究表明,底物首先进行闭环反应,得到取代的1-苯基吡咯烷二-2-酮,然后水解为4-钠的取代衍生物。氨基-N-苯基丁酸酯。动力学测量提供了在25°C水中2-溴-4-氯-N-(4-硝基苯基)丁酰胺的解离常数p K a和环化速率常数k c的值[p K a = 11.64±0.01; k c =(1.94±0.03)×10 -2 s -1 ],4-氯-N-(4-硝基苯基)丁酰胺[p K a = 13.35±0.02;k c =(1.60±0.02)×10 -2 s -1 ]和4-氯-2-甲基-N-(4-硝基苯基)丁酰胺[p K a = 13.55±0.03;k c =(7.61±0.11)×10 -2 s -1 ]。各个衍生物的p K a和k c值因丁酰胺骨架的α位取代而异。在甲醇钠甲醇溶液中,2-溴-4-氯-N的闭环过程-(
Abdallah, Jassim M.; Moodie, Roy B., Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions II, 1983, p. 1243 - 1250