Design, Synthesis, and Computational Studies of Inhibitors of Bcl-XL
摘要:
One of the primary objectives in the design of protein inhibitors is to shape the three-dimensional structures of small molecules to be complementary to the binding site of a target protein. In the course of our efforts to discover potent inhibitors of Bcl-2 family proteins, we found a unique folded conformation adopted by tethered aromatic groups in the ligand that significantly enhanced binding affinity to Bcl-X-L. This finding led us to design compounds that were biased by nonbonding interactions present in a urea tether to adopt this bioactive, folded motif. To characterize the key interactions that induce the desired conformational bias, a series of substituted N,N'-diarylureas were prepared and analyzed using X-ray crystallography and quantum mechanical calculations. Stabilizing pi-stacking interactions and destabilizing steric interactions were predicted to work in concert in two of the substitution patterns to promote the bioactive conformation as a global energy minimum and result in a high target binding affinity. Conversely, intramolecular hydrogen bonding present in the third substitution motif promotes a less active, extended conformer as the energetically favored geometry. These findings were corroborated when the inhibition constant of binding to Bcl-X-L was determined for fully elaborated analogues bearing these structural motifs. Finally, we obtained the NMR solution structure of the disubstituted N,N'-diarylurea bound to Bcl-X-L demonstrating the folded conformation of the urea motif engaged in extensive pi-interactions with the protein.
Design, Synthesis, and Computational Studies of Inhibitors of Bcl-XL
摘要:
One of the primary objectives in the design of protein inhibitors is to shape the three-dimensional structures of small molecules to be complementary to the binding site of a target protein. In the course of our efforts to discover potent inhibitors of Bcl-2 family proteins, we found a unique folded conformation adopted by tethered aromatic groups in the ligand that significantly enhanced binding affinity to Bcl-X-L. This finding led us to design compounds that were biased by nonbonding interactions present in a urea tether to adopt this bioactive, folded motif. To characterize the key interactions that induce the desired conformational bias, a series of substituted N,N'-diarylureas were prepared and analyzed using X-ray crystallography and quantum mechanical calculations. Stabilizing pi-stacking interactions and destabilizing steric interactions were predicted to work in concert in two of the substitution patterns to promote the bioactive conformation as a global energy minimum and result in a high target binding affinity. Conversely, intramolecular hydrogen bonding present in the third substitution motif promotes a less active, extended conformer as the energetically favored geometry. These findings were corroborated when the inhibition constant of binding to Bcl-X-L was determined for fully elaborated analogues bearing these structural motifs. Finally, we obtained the NMR solution structure of the disubstituted N,N'-diarylurea bound to Bcl-X-L demonstrating the folded conformation of the urea motif engaged in extensive pi-interactions with the protein.
Design, Synthesis, and Computational Studies of Inhibitors of Bcl-X<sub>L</sub>
作者:Cheol-Min Park、Tetsuro Oie、Andrew M. Petros、Haichao Zhang、Paul M. Nimmer、Rodger F. Henry、Steven W. Elmore
DOI:10.1021/ja0650347
日期:2006.12.1
One of the primary objectives in the design of protein inhibitors is to shape the three-dimensional structures of small molecules to be complementary to the binding site of a target protein. In the course of our efforts to discover potent inhibitors of Bcl-2 family proteins, we found a unique folded conformation adopted by tethered aromatic groups in the ligand that significantly enhanced binding affinity to Bcl-X-L. This finding led us to design compounds that were biased by nonbonding interactions present in a urea tether to adopt this bioactive, folded motif. To characterize the key interactions that induce the desired conformational bias, a series of substituted N,N'-diarylureas were prepared and analyzed using X-ray crystallography and quantum mechanical calculations. Stabilizing pi-stacking interactions and destabilizing steric interactions were predicted to work in concert in two of the substitution patterns to promote the bioactive conformation as a global energy minimum and result in a high target binding affinity. Conversely, intramolecular hydrogen bonding present in the third substitution motif promotes a less active, extended conformer as the energetically favored geometry. These findings were corroborated when the inhibition constant of binding to Bcl-X-L was determined for fully elaborated analogues bearing these structural motifs. Finally, we obtained the NMR solution structure of the disubstituted N,N'-diarylurea bound to Bcl-X-L demonstrating the folded conformation of the urea motif engaged in extensive pi-interactions with the protein.