methyl 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate | 82545-52-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羟基酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: methyl 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
• CAS: 82545-52-6
• 化学式: C₉H₁₈O₃
• 分子量: 174.24
• InChiKey: JTDNDDNQCCLINU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.7
• 重原子数：
  12
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.89
• 拓扑面积：
  46.5
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  特戊醛 、 2-溴丙酸甲酯 在 tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate 、 zinc dibromide 、 锌 作用下， 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 以78%的产率得到methyl 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  α-溴代酸酯与羰基化合物偶联反应中锌的电化学活化

  摘要：

  已经使用一种温和有效的电化学锌活化方法对Reformatsky反应进行了检验，该方法基于阴极还原乙腈中催化量的溴化锌的阴极还原。

  DOI：

  10.1016/0022-328x(93)83265-w

文献信息

• Ligand-Promoted, Boron-Mediated Chemoselective Carboxylic Acid Aldol Reaction
  作者：Hideoki Nagai、Yuya Morita、Yohei Shimizu、Motomu Kanai

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00914

  日期：2016.5.6

  selective aldol reaction mediated by boron compounds and a mild organic base (DBU) was developed. Inclusion of electron-withdrawing groups in the amino acid derivative ligands reacted with BH3·SMe2 forms a boron promoter with increased Lewis acidity at the boron atom and facilitated the carboxylic acid selective enolate formation, even in the presence of other carbonyl groups such as amides, esters, ketones

  开发了由硼化合物和温和的有机碱（DBU）介导的第一个羧酸选择性羟醛反应。与BH 3 ·SMe 2反应的氨基酸衍生物配体中包含吸电子基团，形成硼促进剂，在硼原子上路易斯酸度增加，即使在存在其他羰基如酰胺，酯，酮或脂族醛。出色的配体效应导致了包括生物相关化合物在内的广泛底物范围。
• Reformatsky-type addition of esters of α-halogeno carboxylic acids to aldehydes and ketones in the presence of Fe(CO)5
  作者：A. B. Terent'ev、T. T. Vasil'eva、N. A. Kuz'mina、E. I. Mysov、N. S. Ikonnikov、N. Yu. Kuznetsov、Yu. N. Belokon

  DOI：10.1007/bf02496013

  日期：1999.6

  Reformatsky-type addition of esters of α-halogeno carboxylic acids to aldehydes and ketones in the presence of Fe(CO)5 and an activating agent (CBrCl3 or I2) afforded the corresponding esters of β-hydroxy acids in good yields. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.

  在 Fe(CO)5 和活化剂（CBrCl3 或 I2）存在下，α-卤代羧酸酯与醛和酮的 Reformatsky 型加成以良好的产率得到相应的 β-羟基酸酯。讨论了可能的反应机制。
• Metal exchange between an electrogenerated organonickel species and zinc halide: application to an electrochemical, nickel-catalyzed Reformatsky reaction
  作者：Annie Conan、Soline Sibille、Jacques Perichon

  DOI：10.1021/jo00006a012

  日期：1991.3

  The mechanism of the electroreductive coupling of alpha-chloro esters or alpha-chloro nitriles with carbonyl compounds by the means of a sacrificial zinc anode and a nickel catalyst was elucidated by electroanalytical techniques. The mechanism involved reduction of a Ni(II) complex to a Ni(0) complex, oxidative addition of the alpha-chloro ester to the Ni(0) complex, and a Zn(II)/Ni(II) exchange, leading to an organozinc Reformatsky reagent. The electrosynthesis of various beta-hydroxy esters, beta-hydroxy nitriles, and 2,3-epoxy esters was successfully achieved under extremely mild conditions.
• Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by Zirconocene Bis(triflate) Complexes:  Stereochemistry and Mechanisms for C−C Bond Formation
  作者：Shuqiong Lin、Georgiy V. Bondar、Christopher J. Levy、Scott Collins

  DOI：10.1021/jo971803g

  日期：1998.3.1

  The aldol condensations of alpha- and beta-(benzyloxy) aldehydes with enol silanes, catalyzed by Cp2Zr(OTf)(2) . THF or Cp2Zr(OTf)(2), in a variety of solvents were studied. The simple diastereoselectivity of these reactions is modest and comparable to that observed using simple aldehydes of similar steric requirements. Studies have revealed that TMSOTf is directly produced on reaction with the zirconocene catalyst with the enol silane in nitroalkane solvent or is formed during catalysis in dichloromethane solution. Although TMSOTf is known to catalyze cross-aldol reactions under these conditions, the rate of this process is not always competitive with that observed using the zircanocene catalysts. In particular, sterically unhindered or aromatic aldehydes react via a mechanism that appears to be mainly Zr-catalyzed, based on both the difference in rate between Zr- and Si-mediated reactions as well as differences in enol silane/silyl triflate reactivity in crossover-type experiments. With sterically hindered aldehydes in dichloromethane or nitromethane, catalysis is mediated by Si. The Zr-catalyzed process occurs via formation of a Zr-aldolate complex from aldehyde and enol silane, with liberation of TMSOTf, followed by rate-limiting O-silylatian of the metal aldolate by TMSOTf, as revealed by both model studies and in situ monitoring during catalysis.
• Baan, J. L. van der; Barnick, J. W. F. K.; Bickelhaupt, F., Synthesis, 1990, # 10, p. 897 - 899
  作者：Baan, J. L. van der、Barnick, J. W. F. K.、Bickelhaupt, F.

  DOI：——

  日期：——