6,9-亚甲基-1H-吡咯并[1,2-a]氮杂卓,八氢-2-甲基- | 7648-98-8

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 6,9-亚甲基-1H-吡咯并[1,2-a]氮杂卓,八氢-2-甲基-
• 中文别名: 安贝氯铵
• 英文名称: Ambenonium
• 英文别名: (2-chlorophenyl)methyl-[2-[[2-[2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl-diethylazaniumyl]ethylamino]-2-oxoacetyl]amino]ethyl]-diethylazanium
• CAS: 7648-98-8
• 化学式: C28H42Cl2N4O2+2
• 分子量: 537.6
• InChiKey: OMHBPUNFVFNHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-P

物化性质

• 物理描述：
  Solid
• 熔点：
  196-199 °C
• 溶解度：
  Soluble

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  5.1
• 重原子数：
  36
• 可旋转键数：
  14
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  58.2
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

血浆和肝脏的

Plasma and hepatic

来源:DrugBank

代谢

血浆和肝脏的

Plasma and hepatic

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

氨本尼亚是一种胆碱酯酶或乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制剂。胆碱酯酶抑制剂（或“抗胆碱酯酶”）抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的作用。由于其基本功能，干扰乙酰胆碱酯酶作用的化学物质是强大的神经毒素，低剂量时会导致过度流涎和眼泪，随后是肌肉痉挛，最终导致死亡。神经气体和许多用于杀虫剂的物质已被证明通过结合乙酰胆碱酯酶活性位点的丝氨酸，完全抑制该酶。乙酰胆碱酯酶分解神经递质乙酰胆碱，后者在神经和肌肉接头处释放，以便让肌肉或器官放松。乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制的结果是乙酰胆碱积聚并继续作用，使得任何神经冲动持续传递，肌肉收缩不会停止。最常见的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂之一是基于磷的化合物，它们被设计成与酶的活性位点结合。结构要求是一个带有两个亲脂性基团的磷原子，一个离去基团（如卤素或硫氰酸盐）以及一个末端的氧。

Ambenonium is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

化合物：氨苯甲酸铵

Compound:ambenonium

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

DILI 注释：无 DILI（药物性肝损伤）担忧

DILI Annotation:No-DILI-Concern

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

标签部分：无匹配

Label Section:No match

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

参考文献：M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物标签用于研究药物诱导的肝损伤，《药物发现今日》，16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007 M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank：按人类发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。《药物发现今日》2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007 M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

口腔 - 从胃肠道吸收不良。

Oral - poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

来源:DrugBank

文献信息

• Novel Bicyclic Pyridinones
  申请人：Pettersson Martin Youngjin

  公开号：US20120252758A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-10-04

  Compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds are disclosed, wherein the compounds have the structure of Formula I as defined herein. Corresponding pharmaceutical compositions, methods of treatment, methods of synthesis, and intermediates are also disclosed.

  所述化合物及其药用可接受的盐被披露，其中所述化合物具有如本文所定义的Formula I的结构。相应的药物组合物、治疗方法、合成方法和中间体也被披露。
• Methods for Treating Cognitive Disorders Using Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylase
  申请人：Forum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

  公开号：US20170000749A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-01-05

  This disclosure relates to compounds for the inhibition of histone deacetylase and treatment of a cognitive disorder or deficit. More particularly, the disclosure provides for compounds of formula (I) wherein Q, J, L and Z are as defined in the specification.

  这份披露涉及用于抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶和治疗认知障碍或缺陷的化合物。更具体地，该披露提供了公式（I）的化合物 其中 Q、J、L和Z如规范中所定义。
• AMINO-HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  申请人：Claffey Michelle M.

  公开号：US20100190771A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-07-29

  The invention provides PDE9-inhibiting compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A, and n are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of Formula I, and uses thereof in treating neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, are also provided.

  这项发明提供了式（I）中的PDE9抑制化合物，以及其药学上可接受的盐，其中R1、R2、R3、A和n的定义如本文所述。还提供了含有式I中化合物的药物组合物，并且提供了在治疗神经退行性和认知障碍疾病，如阿尔茨海默病和精神分裂症中的用途。
• [EN] PANTETHEINE DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE PANTÉTHÉINE POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE TROUBLES NEUROLOGIQUES
  申请人：RETROPHIN INC

  公开号：WO2018022529A1

  公开（公告）日：2018-02-01

  Compounds having the following formula (I): Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A, B, D, E and R1 are as defined herein, are provided. Methods comprising the use of such compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders, such as pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and their use in the treatment of neurological disorders, also are provided.

  具有以下化学式（I）：化学式I及其药用可接受的盐，其中A、B、D、E和R1如本文所定义，已提供。包括使用这些化合物治疗神经系统疾病（如泛酸激酶相关性神经退行性疾病）的方法，以及含有这些化合物的药物组合物，以及它们在治疗神经系统疾病中的用途，也已提供。
• [EN] CYCLIC PHOSPHATES AND CYCLIC PHOSPHORAMIDATES FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS<br/>[FR] PHOSPHATES CYCLIQUES ET PHOSPHORAMIDATES CYCLIQUES POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE TROUBLES NEUROLOGIQUES
  申请人：RETROPHIN INC

  公开号：WO2017099822A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-06-15

  Compounds having the following formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A, B, D, E and R1 are as defined herein, are provided. Methods comprising the use of such compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders, such as pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and their use in the treatment of neurological disorders, also are provided.

  提供具有以下化学式（I）的化合物及其药用可接受的盐，其中A、B、D、E和R1的定义如本文所述。提供了使用这些化合物治疗神经系统疾病（如泛酸激酶相关性神经退行性疾病）的方法，以及含有这些化合物的药物组合物，以及它们在治疗神经系统疾病中的用途。