Comparison of Three 7-Day Pantoprazole-Based Helicobacter pylori Eradication Regimens in a Mexican Population with High Metronidazole Resistance
作者:M. Dehesa、J. Larisch、M. Dibildox、M. Di Silvio、L.H. Lopez、E. Ramirez-Barba、J. Torres
DOI:10.2165/00044011-200222020-00002
日期:——
Objective: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of three 7-day pantoprazole-based regimens to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in Mexican patients with peptic ulcer (PU) or non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Background: Short-term therapeutic regimens based on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and two antibiotics have been recommended for the eradication of H. pylori. Resistance of H. pylori to metronidazole may adversely affect the efficacy of such regimens. Patients and methods: This was a single-centre, randomised, open-label, parallel-group study in which three groups of H. pylori-positive patients with PU or NUD were compared (n = 159; intention-to-treat population). Patients were randomised to receive a 7-day pantoprazole-based triple therapy for eradication of H. pylori. Patients received pantoprazole (P) 40mg twice daily in combination with either i) amoxicillin (A) 1000mg twice daily and clarithromycin (C) 500mg three times daily (PAC regimen, n = 51 patients), or ii) clarithromycin 500mg three times daily and metronidazole (M) 500mg three times daily (PCM regimen, n = 55 patients), or iii) amoxicillin 1000mg twice daily and metronidazole 500mg three times daily (PAM regimen, n = 53 patients). After completing eradication therapy, all PU patients were further treated with once-daily pantoprazole 40mg, either for another 3 weeks (patients with duodenal ulcer) or for another 7 weeks (patients with gastric ulcer), to ensure complete ulcer healing. At baseline examination, all patients underwent the 14C-urea breath test and endoscopy; biopsy specimens were taken for histology, CLO-test, H. pylori culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing (agar dilution E-test). Eradication of H. pylori was assessed after all treatment with pantoprazole had been discontinued for at least 4 weeks, using the 14C-urea breath test. Results: In the per-protocol population (n = 153), eradication was achieved in 81.3% (39/48) of patients receiving PAC, 66.0% (35/53) of PCM recipients, and 48.1 % (25/52) of those receiving PAM (p = 0.13 for PAC vs PCM and 0.001 for PAC vs PAM). In the intention-to-treat population, respective eradication rates were 76.5 (39/51), 63.6 (35/55) and 47.2% (25/53) [p = 0.22 for PAC vs PCM and 0.004 for PAC vs PAM]. Patient compliance was very good in all treatment groups. The main adverse event affecting 40% of all patients was a metallic taste, assessed as likely related to the antibiotics. Susceptibility to the three study antibiotics was determined for H. pylori isolates using the pretreatment biopsies from 103 patients. Resistance to metronidazole was present in 68.2% of patients and to clarithromycin in 24.3%. In 16.8% of patients, H. pylori isolates were resistant to both metronidazole and clarithromycin. In patient populations with H. pylori strains resistant to one or both of the antibiotics used in the respective treatment regimen, eradication rates were consistently lower than in those with susceptible H. pylori strains. However, these differences were not statistically significant, probably due to the small sample size. Conclusions: The 7-day H. pylori eradication regimen with PAC was superior to PCM and PAM. This is probably due to the high resistance rate to metronidazole in the Mexican population. Thus, H. pylori eradication regimens that involve metronidazole cannot be recommended for Mexican patients. Results from this study highlight the regional differences in efficacy of some well established H. pylori eradication regimens, and suggest that culture and susceptibility testing to define H. pylori resistance patterns in specific geographical areas may be indicated before recommending any particular eradication schedule.
目的比较以泮托拉唑为基础的三种 7 天治疗方案对消化性溃疡 (PU) 或非溃疡性消化不良 (NUD) 墨西哥患者根除幽门螺杆菌的疗效和耐受性。背景:为根除幽门螺杆菌,推荐使用基于质子泵抑制剂(PPI)和两种抗生素的短期治疗方案。幽门螺杆菌对甲硝唑的耐药性可能会对此类疗法的疗效产生不利影响。患者和方法这是一项单中心、随机、开放标签、平行组研究,其中比较了三组幽门螺杆菌阳性的 PU 或 NUD 患者(n = 159;意向治疗人群)。患者被随机分配接受以泮托拉唑为基础的 7 天三联疗法,以根除幽门螺杆菌。患者接受泮托拉唑(P)40 毫克,每天两次,联合使用 i) 阿莫西林(A)1000 毫克,每天两次,克拉霉素(C)500 毫克,每天三次(PAC 方案,n = 51 名患者)、或 ii) 克拉霉素 500 毫克,每天三次,甲硝唑 500 毫克,每天三次(PCM 方案,n = 55 例患者);或 iii) 阿莫西林 1000 毫克,每天两次,甲硝唑 500 毫克,每天三次(PAM 方案,n = 53 例患者)。在完成根除治疗后,所有 PU 患者继续接受每日一次、每次 40 毫克的泮托拉唑治疗,持续 3 周(十二指肠溃疡患者)或 7 周(胃溃疡患者),以确保溃疡完全愈合。在基线检查时,所有患者都接受了 14C-urea 呼气试验和内窥镜检查;活检标本用于组织学、CLO 试验、幽门螺杆菌培养和抗生素敏感性试验(琼脂稀释 E 试验)。在停止使用泮托拉唑治疗至少 4 周后,使用 14C-urea 呼气试验评估幽门螺杆菌的根除情况。研究结果在按协议治疗人群(n = 153)中,81.3%(39/48)的 PAC 患者、66.0%(35/53)的 PCM 患者和 48.1%(25/52)的 PAM 患者实现了幽门螺杆菌根除(PAC 与 PCM 相比,P = 0.13;PAC 与 PAM 相比,P = 0.001)。在意向治疗人群中,根除率分别为 76.5%(39/51)、63.6%(35/55)和 47.2%(25/53)[PAC 与 PCM 相比,P=0.22;PAC 与 PAM 相比,P=0.004]。所有治疗组患者的依从性都非常好。40%的患者出现的主要不良反应是金属味,经评估可能与抗生素有关。利用 103 例患者治疗前的活检结果,确定了幽门螺杆菌分离株对三种抗生素的敏感性。68.2%的患者对甲硝唑产生抗药性,24.3%的患者对克拉霉素产生抗药性。16.8%的患者的幽门螺杆菌分离物对甲硝唑和克拉霉素均有耐药性。在幽门螺杆菌菌株对相应治疗方案中使用的一种或两种抗生素耐药的患者群体中,根除率一直低于幽门螺杆菌菌株易感者。不过,可能由于样本量较小,这些差异在统计学上并不显著。结论使用 PAC 的 7 天幽门螺杆菌根除方案优于 PCM 和 PAM。这可能是由于墨西哥人群对甲硝唑的耐药率较高。因此,不能向墨西哥患者推荐使用甲硝唑的幽门螺杆菌根除方案。这项研究的结果突显了一些成熟的幽门螺杆菌根除方案在疗效上的地区差异,并表明在推荐任何特定的根除方案之前,可能需要进行培养和药敏试验,以确定特定地理区域的幽门螺杆菌耐药模式。