Electrophilic substitution of methylene-bridged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
摘要:
The electrophilic bromination and formylation of the methylene-bridged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 11H-benz[bc]aceanthrylene (2), 4H-cyclopenta[def]chrysene (3), 13H-dibenz[bc,l]aceanthrylene (4), and 4H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[mno]chrysene (5) were investigated. All reactions proceeded with high regioselectivity to afford predominantly a single major isomeric product. The sole exception was bromination of 3 which gave a small amount of a second isomeric product. The sites of electrophilic substitution were correlated with theoretical predictions from semiempirical molecular orbital calculations using the MNDO method, The observed sites of electrophilic substitution were in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions in the cases of 2-4. However, in the case of 5, substitution took place in the 6-position, whereas the site predicted to be most reactive is the 5-position. In addition, the aryl aldehyde products were converted into the corresponding methyl derivatives for studies of their potential carcinogenicity.
The Use of the Female Intervention Efficacy Index (FIEI) as an Immediate Outcome Measure of Medical Intervention to Treat Female Sexual Dysfunction
作者:Laura A. Berman、Jennifer R. Berman、Tiffany Werbin、Sachin Chabra、Irwin Goldstein
DOI:10.1080/713846821
日期:2001.10
Many, medications used in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction are still in the experimental phases for use in women. Numerous pharmacological options for women presently, under testing include the EROS-CTD clitoral therapy, device (Berman et al., 1999b; Billups et al., 2001). In addition to the new medical developments for treating female sexual dysfunction, methods for evaluating sexual responses and efficacy, of intervention are evolving as well.