New synthetic routes to the three isomeric tetranitrotoluenes 1-3 are described, including the previously unreported 2,3,4,5-tetranitrotoluene (1). Methods include peroxydisulfuric acid oxidation of trinitrotoluidines and hypophosphorous acid reduction of diazonium salts derived from tetranitrotoluidines. Synthesis of selected trinitrotoluidine precursors is also discussed.
Nielsen Arnold T., Christian Stephen L., Chafin Andrew P., Wilson William+, J. Org. Chem, 59 (1994) N 7, S 1714-1718
作者:Nielsen Arnold T., Christian Stephen L., Chafin Andrew P., Wilson William+
DOI:——
日期:——
ENCAPSULATED EXPLOSIVES FOR DRILLING WELLBORES
申请人:HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC.
公开号:US20160032654A1
公开(公告)日:2016-02-04
Systems and methods for drilling operations may use encapsulated explosives to complement the performance of downhole cutting tools. An exemplary method may include drilling a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation with a downhole cutting tool; circulating a drilling fluid in the wellbore, wherein the drilling fluid comprises a base fluid and an encapsulated explosive having an average diameter of about 10 nm to about 20 microns; triggering detonation of the encapsulated explosive; and detonating the encapsulated explosive proximal to a portion of the subterranean formation adjacent the downhole cutting tool.