Synthesis and methemoglobinemia-inducing properties of analogues of para-aminopropiophenone designed as humane rodenticides
摘要:
A number of structural analogues of the known toxicant para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) have been prepared and evaluated for their capacity to induce methemoglobinemia-with a view to their possible application as humane pest control agents. It was found that an optimal lipophilicity for the formation of methemoglobin (metHb) in vitro existed for alkyl analogues of PAPP (aminophenones 1-20; compound 6 metHb% = 74.1 +/- 2). Besides lipophilicity, this structural sub-class suggested there were certain structural requirements for activity, with both branched (10-16) and cyclic (17-20) alkyl analogues exhibiting inferior in vitro metHb induction. Of the four candidates (compounds 4, 6, 13 and 23) evaluated in vivo, 4 exhibited the greatest toxicity. In parallel, aminophenone bioisosteres, including oximes 30-32, sulfoxide 33, sulfone 34 and sulfonamides 35-36, were found to be inferior metHb inducers to lead ketone 4. Closer examination of Hammett substituent constants suggests that a particular combination of the field and resonance parameters may be significant with respect to the redox mechanisms behind PAPPs metHb toxicity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and methemoglobinemia-inducing properties of analogues of para-aminopropiophenone designed as humane rodenticides
摘要:
A number of structural analogues of the known toxicant para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) have been prepared and evaluated for their capacity to induce methemoglobinemia-with a view to their possible application as humane pest control agents. It was found that an optimal lipophilicity for the formation of methemoglobin (metHb) in vitro existed for alkyl analogues of PAPP (aminophenones 1-20; compound 6 metHb% = 74.1 +/- 2). Besides lipophilicity, this structural sub-class suggested there were certain structural requirements for activity, with both branched (10-16) and cyclic (17-20) alkyl analogues exhibiting inferior in vitro metHb induction. Of the four candidates (compounds 4, 6, 13 and 23) evaluated in vivo, 4 exhibited the greatest toxicity. In parallel, aminophenone bioisosteres, including oximes 30-32, sulfoxide 33, sulfone 34 and sulfonamides 35-36, were found to be inferior metHb inducers to lead ketone 4. Closer examination of Hammett substituent constants suggests that a particular combination of the field and resonance parameters may be significant with respect to the redox mechanisms behind PAPPs metHb toxicity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mechanisms of Acid-Catalyzed <i>Z</i>/<i>E</i> Isomerization of Imines
作者:James E. Johnson、Nora M. Morales、Andrea M. Gorczyca、Debra D. Dolliver、Michael A. McAllister
DOI:10.1021/jo010067k
日期:2001.11.1
The kinetics and mechanism of acid-catalyzed Z/E isomerization of O-methylbenzohydroximoyl chloride (1Za and 1Ea), methyl O-methylbenzohydroximate (1Zb and 1Eb), ethyl O-methylbenzohydroximate (1Zc and 1Ec and five para and meta substituted derivatives), O-methylcinnamohydroximoyl chloride (2Za and 2Ea), and methyl O-methylcinnamohydroximate (2Zb and 2Zb) have been investigated. The kinetics of Z/E
Mechanism of bimolecular substitution reactions of hydroximoyl halides with amines in actonitrile solution
作者:James E. Johnson、Susan M. Dutson、Debra D. Dolliver、Susan L. Todd、Martha Hotema
DOI:10.1002/poc.610080505
日期:1995.5
ρ-value (with σ) for the reaction with pyrrolidine is +0·92. The reaction of the p-nitro compound with pyrrolidine gives a significant element effect [k(p-nitrobenzohydroximoyl bromide)/k(p)-nitrobenzohydroximoyl chloride = 10]. A Brϕonsted β-value of 0·38 was estimated from the reactions of morpholine and piperidine with the p-nitrohydroximoyl chloride. The slower reaction of (E)-O-methyl-p-nitrobenzohydroximoyl
(Z)-O-甲基苯并氢氧氯化物[ArC(Cl)NOCH 3 ]在乙腈溶液中与吗啉,吡咯烷和氮杂环丁烷反应,得到相应的(Z)-氨基肟[ArC(NR 1 R 2)NOCH 3 ]在乙腈中的反应。这些反应的速率是在拟一级条件(过量胺)下测量的。发现反应遵循总体二级动力学(在胺中一级)。与吡咯烷反应的哈米特ρ值(带有σ)为+ 0·92。对硝基化合物与吡咯烷的反应产生了显着的元素效应[ k(p-硝基苯甲氧基肟基溴化物/ k(p)-硝基苯甲氧基肟基氯= 10]。从吗啉和哌啶与对-硝基羟肟基氯的反应估计布朗斯通的β值为0·38 。(E)-O-甲基-对硝基苯并氧肟基氯与氮杂环丁烷的较慢反应主要产生(E)-ami胺肟(E:Z≈98:2)此反应也遵循二级动力学。将该研究中的动力学观察结果与在苯溶液中早期工作中获得的相应结果进行比较。建议在乙腈溶液中,反应通过加成消除机理进行,该速率决定氯离子的损失速率(A N
Mechanism of solvolysis reactions of O-methylbenzohydroximoyl halides. Stereoelectronic control in formation of and nucleophilic addition to nitrilium ions
作者:James E. Johnson、Sravanthi C. Cornell
DOI:10.1021/jo01309a015
日期:1980.10
Mechanisms of alkoxide substitution reactions at the carbon-nitrogen double bond. Stereoelectronic control during nucleophilic substitution
作者:James Elver Johnson、Elizabeth Ann Nalley、Charles Weidig、Mohammed Arfan
DOI:10.1021/jo00331a008
日期:1981.8
Mechanism of amine and amide ion substitution reactions at the carbon-nitrogen double bond
作者:James Elver Johnson、Abdolkarim Ghafouripour、Mohammad Arfan、Susan L. Todd、Deborah A. Sitz