Hydrogen-Bond-Driven Electrophilic Activation for Selectivity Control: Scope and Limitations of Fluorous Alcohol-Promoted Selective Formation of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles and Mechanistic Insight for Rationale of Selectivity
摘要:
Hydrogen-bond-driven electrophilic activation for selectivity control during competitive formation of 1,2-disubstituted and 2-substituted benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes is reported. The fluorous alcohols trifluoroethanol and hexafluoro-2-propanol efficiently promote the cyclocondensation of o-phenylenediamine with aldehydes to afford selectively the 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles at rt in short times. A mechanistic insight is invoked by NMR, mass spectrometry, and chemical studies to rationalize the selectivity. The ability of the fluorous alcohols in promoting the reaction and controlling the selectivity can be envisaged from their better hydrogen bond donor (HBD) abilities compared to that of the other organic solvents as well as of water. Due to the better HBD values, the fluorous alcohols efficiently promote the initial bisimine formation by electrophilic activation of the aldehyde carbonyl. Subsequently the hydrogen-bond-mediated activation of the in situ-formed bisimine triggers the rearrangement via 1,3-hydride shift to form the 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles.
Hydrogen-Bond-Driven Electrophilic Activation for Selectivity Control: Scope and Limitations of Fluorous Alcohol-Promoted Selective Formation of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles and Mechanistic Insight for Rationale of Selectivity
摘要:
Hydrogen-bond-driven electrophilic activation for selectivity control during competitive formation of 1,2-disubstituted and 2-substituted benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes is reported. The fluorous alcohols trifluoroethanol and hexafluoro-2-propanol efficiently promote the cyclocondensation of o-phenylenediamine with aldehydes to afford selectively the 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles at rt in short times. A mechanistic insight is invoked by NMR, mass spectrometry, and chemical studies to rationalize the selectivity. The ability of the fluorous alcohols in promoting the reaction and controlling the selectivity can be envisaged from their better hydrogen bond donor (HBD) abilities compared to that of the other organic solvents as well as of water. Due to the better HBD values, the fluorous alcohols efficiently promote the initial bisimine formation by electrophilic activation of the aldehyde carbonyl. Subsequently the hydrogen-bond-mediated activation of the in situ-formed bisimine triggers the rearrangement via 1,3-hydride shift to form the 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles.
A highly diastereoselective [5+1] annulation to 2,2,3-trisubstituted tetrahydroquinoxalines <i>via</i> intramolecular Mannich-type trapping of ammonium ylides
作者:Xiao-Yu Guan、Min Tang、Zhang-Qin Liu、WenHao Hu
DOI:10.1039/c9cc04890a
日期:——
A novel tandem intermolecular ammonium ylide formation/intramolecular Mannich-type [5+1] cyclization reaction of aryl diazoacetates and ortho-aminophenyl imine derivatives was developed. The reaction provides an efficient methodology for direct synthesis of diverse trisubstituted tetrahydroquinoxalines bearing a quaternary stereogenic carbon center in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivity
Cyclodehydrogenation of N-benzylidene-o-phenylenediamines to 2,2'-diaryl-1,1'-bibenzimidazoles with dioxygen catalyzed by copper(I) chloride in pyridine. A structural study of 2,2'-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,1'-bibenzimidazole
作者:Gabor Speier、Laszlo Parkanyi
DOI:10.1021/jo00352a016
日期:1986.1
Hydrogen-Bond-Driven Electrophilic Activation for Selectivity Control: Scope and Limitations of Fluorous Alcohol-Promoted Selective Formation of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles and Mechanistic Insight for Rationale of Selectivity
作者:Rajesh Chebolu、Damodara N. Kommi、Dinesh Kumar、Narendra Bollineni、Asit K. Chakraborti
DOI:10.1021/jo301793z
日期:2012.11.16
Hydrogen-bond-driven electrophilic activation for selectivity control during competitive formation of 1,2-disubstituted and 2-substituted benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes is reported. The fluorous alcohols trifluoroethanol and hexafluoro-2-propanol efficiently promote the cyclocondensation of o-phenylenediamine with aldehydes to afford selectively the 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles at rt in short times. A mechanistic insight is invoked by NMR, mass spectrometry, and chemical studies to rationalize the selectivity. The ability of the fluorous alcohols in promoting the reaction and controlling the selectivity can be envisaged from their better hydrogen bond donor (HBD) abilities compared to that of the other organic solvents as well as of water. Due to the better HBD values, the fluorous alcohols efficiently promote the initial bisimine formation by electrophilic activation of the aldehyde carbonyl. Subsequently the hydrogen-bond-mediated activation of the in situ-formed bisimine triggers the rearrangement via 1,3-hydride shift to form the 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles.
Synthesis of 2-Aminoquinoxalines via One-Pot Cyanide-Based Sequential Reaction under Aerobic Oxidation Conditions
作者:Yeon-Ho Cho、Kyung-Hee Kim、Cheol-Hong Cheon
DOI:10.1021/jo4021908
日期:2014.2.7
A highly efficient synthesis of 2-aminoquinoxalines has been developed via the one-pot two-step cyanide-mediated sequential reactions of ortho-phenylenediamines with aldehydes under aerobic oxidation conditions. A variety of substrates, including aliphatic aldehydes bearing acidic a-protons, are applicable to this protocol and afford the desired 2-aminoquinoxalines in high yields.