Synthesis and stereochemical resolution of functional [5]pericyclynes
摘要:
Three different kinds of ring carbo-mers of [5]cyclitol ethers were targeted as challenging examples of functional [5]pericyclynes. Three tertiary pentaaryl-carbo-[5]cyclitol methyl ethers were synthesized through a [11 + 4] ring-closing double addition of triphenyl- and tri-p-anisyl-undecatetrayn-diides to dibenzoyl acetylene. These compounds, obtained as oily mixtures of stereoisomers, are stable and can behave as acetylenic ligands of one or two Co-2(CO)(6) units. NMR analysis reveals that the broad diasteroisomeric dispersity of a triether, is consistently reduced in the symmetrized pentaether. Three bis-secondary triaryl-carbo-[5]cyclitol methyl ethers with adjacent CH(OR) vertices were synthesized through a similar [11 + 4] ring-closing process, where the same tetrayn-diides add to both the carbaldehyde ends of the (eta(2)-OCH-C=C-CHO)Co-2(CO)(6) complex. Despite the possibility of tautomeric isomerization, the occurrence of two adjacent bis-propargylic carbinol vertices does not diminish the stability of the [5]pericyclyne framework. Finally, two bis-secondary carbo-[5]cyclitol methyl ethers with non-adjacent CH(OH) vertices were synthesized through an alternative [10 + 5] ring-closing process. The bis-secondary carbo-[5]cyclitols are regarded as isohypsic equivalents of the challenging [C,C](5)carbo-cyclopentadienyl cation. A diphenyl-hexaoxy-[5]pericyclyne with two non-adjacent secondary carbinol vertices was also prepared through a [10 + 5] ring-closing strategy: this molecule is an isohypsic equivalent of the previously calculated zwitterionic carbo-cyclopentadien one, which could be observed as a DCI/NH3-MS fragment after treatment with SnCl2/HCl. Analytical HPLC showed that the C-11 triphenyl-undecatetrayne precursor of the [11 + 4] strategy was obtained as a statistical 1:2:1 mixture of the three possible diastereoisomers. Semi-preparative HPLC allowed for the resolution of this mixture. The pure major diastereoisomer was employed to prepare a partly resolved sample of pentamethoxy-pentaphenyl-[5]pericyclyne. Analytical HPLC showed that the latter corresponds to the statistical distribution of the expected three residual diastereoisomers. Semi-preparative HPLC finally afforded samples of diastereoisomerically pure pentamethoxy[5]pericyclyne as crystalline solids. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Homogeneous Ruthenium Catalysts on Silica for the Continuous Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction
摘要:
The solid-phase synthesis of new asymmetric transfer hydrogenation catalysts as well as the use of these silica supported systems in batch and flow reactors is reported. The ruthenium complex of NH-benzyl-(1R,2S)-(-)-norephedrine covalently tethered to silica showed a high activity and enantioselectivity in the reduction of acetophenone. In three consecutive batchwise catalytic runs, we obtained ee values 88%. In a continuous flow reactor, a very constant catalytic activity was observed; no catalyst deactivation occurred over a period of one week, This has been ascribed to successful site isolation. Using optimized conditions in this flow reactor, the ee was as high as 90% at 95% conversion, The supported catalysts generally show the same trend in catalyst performance as in solution. The viability of our approach was further shown in one example, the ruthenium(II) complex of (1S,2R)-(+)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol, for which an enantiomeric excess of 58% was observed, which is nearly three times higher than its homogeneous analogue.
Three different kinds of ring carbo-mers of [5]cyclitol ethers were targeted as challenging examples of functional [5]pericyclynes. Three tertiary pentaaryl-carbo-[5]cyclitol methyl ethers were synthesized through a [11 + 4] ring-closing double addition of triphenyl- and tri-p-anisyl-undecatetrayn-diides to dibenzoyl acetylene. These compounds, obtained as oily mixtures of stereoisomers, are stable and can behave as acetylenic ligands of one or two Co-2(CO)(6) units. NMR analysis reveals that the broad diasteroisomeric dispersity of a triether, is consistently reduced in the symmetrized pentaether. Three bis-secondary triaryl-carbo-[5]cyclitol methyl ethers with adjacent CH(OR) vertices were synthesized through a similar [11 + 4] ring-closing process, where the same tetrayn-diides add to both the carbaldehyde ends of the (eta(2)-OCH-C=C-CHO)Co-2(CO)(6) complex. Despite the possibility of tautomeric isomerization, the occurrence of two adjacent bis-propargylic carbinol vertices does not diminish the stability of the [5]pericyclyne framework. Finally, two bis-secondary carbo-[5]cyclitol methyl ethers with non-adjacent CH(OH) vertices were synthesized through an alternative [10 + 5] ring-closing process. The bis-secondary carbo-[5]cyclitols are regarded as isohypsic equivalents of the challenging [C,C](5)carbo-cyclopentadienyl cation. A diphenyl-hexaoxy-[5]pericyclyne with two non-adjacent secondary carbinol vertices was also prepared through a [10 + 5] ring-closing strategy: this molecule is an isohypsic equivalent of the previously calculated zwitterionic carbo-cyclopentadien one, which could be observed as a DCI/NH3-MS fragment after treatment with SnCl2/HCl. Analytical HPLC showed that the C-11 triphenyl-undecatetrayne precursor of the [11 + 4] strategy was obtained as a statistical 1:2:1 mixture of the three possible diastereoisomers. Semi-preparative HPLC allowed for the resolution of this mixture. The pure major diastereoisomer was employed to prepare a partly resolved sample of pentamethoxy-pentaphenyl-[5]pericyclyne. Analytical HPLC showed that the latter corresponds to the statistical distribution of the expected three residual diastereoisomers. Semi-preparative HPLC finally afforded samples of diastereoisomerically pure pentamethoxy[5]pericyclyne as crystalline solids. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Homogeneous Ruthenium Catalysts on Silica for the Continuous Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction
作者:Albertus J. Sandee、Daniëlle G. I. Petra、Joost N. H. Reek、Paul C. J. Kamer、Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen
The solid-phase synthesis of new asymmetric transfer hydrogenation catalysts as well as the use of these silica supported systems in batch and flow reactors is reported. The ruthenium complex of NH-benzyl-(1R,2S)-(-)-norephedrine covalently tethered to silica showed a high activity and enantioselectivity in the reduction of acetophenone. In three consecutive batchwise catalytic runs, we obtained ee values 88%. In a continuous flow reactor, a very constant catalytic activity was observed; no catalyst deactivation occurred over a period of one week, This has been ascribed to successful site isolation. Using optimized conditions in this flow reactor, the ee was as high as 90% at 95% conversion, The supported catalysts generally show the same trend in catalyst performance as in solution. The viability of our approach was further shown in one example, the ruthenium(II) complex of (1S,2R)-(+)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol, for which an enantiomeric excess of 58% was observed, which is nearly three times higher than its homogeneous analogue.