NiCl2(1,2-Diiminophosphorane) complexes: a new family of readily accessible and tuneable catalysts for oligomerisation of ethylene
作者:Mathieu Sauthier、François Leca、Roberto Fernando de Souza、Katia Bernardo-Gusmão、Luiz Fernando Trevisan Queiroz、Loïc Toupet、Régis Réau
DOI:10.1039/b109992m
日期:2002.5.22
1,2-Diiminophosphoranes 1–4 featuring either ethane, benzene, cyclohexane or 1,2-diphenylethane carbon backbones act as tightly bonded 1,4-chelating ligands towards NiCl2, affording the corresponding paramagnetic complexes 5–8 in high yield. X-Ray diffraction studies performed on compounds 5 and 6 revealed that the conformation of the five-membered metallacycle depends on the rigidity of the carbon backbone. For both complexes, the coordination sphere of the Ni atom is a distorted tetrahedron with bond lengths and angles around nickel similar to those observed for related Ni(II)(α-diimine) complexes. Complexes 5–8 are active for ethylene oligomerisation under mild reaction conditions (0 °C, 1.1 bar) upon activation by alkylaluminum derivatives (Et2AlCl or MAO). The nature of the carbon backbone of
the 1,2-diiminophosphorane ligands has a profound impact on the selectivity of the catalytic systems. The selectivity for trimers and higher oligomers varies from 10%
(pre-catalyst 8) to 81%
(pre-catalyst 5). Effects of varying ethylene pressure, temperature and aluminium co-catalyst/nickel ratios with pre-catalyst 6 are reported. Tailoring the reaction parameters has a modest effect on the oligomer distribution but allows quite high catalytic activities to be achieved with turnover frequencies up to 135 × 103 h−1.
以乙烷、苯、环己烷或 1,2-二苯基乙烷为碳骨架的 1,2-二氨基磷 1-4 作为与 NiCl2 紧密结合的 1,4-螯合配体,能以高产率生成相应的顺磁配合物 5-8。对化合物 5 和 6 进行的 X 射线衍射研究表明,五元金属环的构象取决于碳骨架的刚性。对于这两种配合物来说,镍原子的配位圈是一个扭曲的四面体,镍周围的键长和角度与相关的镍(II)(α-二亚胺)配合物中观察到的相似。络合物 5-8 在烷基铝衍生物(Et2AlCl 或 MAO)的活化下,在温和的反应条件(0 °C,1.1 巴)下对乙烯低聚具有活性。1,2 二氨基膦配体碳骨架的性质对催化系统的选择性有着深远的影响。三聚体和更高低聚物的选择性从 10% (前催化剂 8)到 81%(前催化剂 5)不等。报告了改变乙烯压力、温度和铝助催化剂/镍与前催化剂 6 的比率的影响。调整反应参数对低聚物分布的影响不大,但可实现相当高的催化活性,周转频率高达 135 × 103 h-1。