A general method for copper-catalyzed deprotonative dimerization of arenes by employing oxygen as the terminal oxidant has been developed. Electron-rich and electron-poor heterocycles as well as electron-poor arenes are reactive. The method is tolerant to functionalities such as nitro, cyano, dialkylamino, and ester groups.
A general method for copper-catalyzed deprotonative dimerization of arenes by employing oxygen as the terminal oxidant has been developed. Electron-rich and electron-poor heterocycles as well as electron-poor arenes are reactive. The method is tolerant to functionalities such as nitro, cyano, dialkylamino, and ester groups.
Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Iron-Catalyzed Deprotonative Arene Dimerization
A number of first-row transition metal salts catalyze deprotonative dimerization of acidic arenes. Under the atmosphere of oxygen, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and Iron chlorides have been shown to dimerize five- and six-membered ring heterocycles as well as electron-poor arenes. Both tetramethylpiperidide and dicyclohexylamide bases can be employed; however, the former afford slightly higher yields.