Impact of Distinct Chemical Structures for the Development of a Methamphetamine Vaccine
作者:Amira Y. Moreno、Alexander V. Mayorov、Kim D. Janda
DOI:10.1021/ja108807j
日期:2011.5.4
(+)-Methamphetamine (METH) use and addiction has grown at alarming rates over the past two decades, while no approved pharmacotherapy exists for its treatment. Immunopharmacotherapy has the potential to offer relief through producing highly specific antibodies that prevent drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier thus decreasing reinforcement of the behavior. Current immunotherapy efforts against methamphetamine have focused on a single hapten structure, namely linker attachment at the aromatic ring of the METH molecule. Hapten design is largely responsible for immune recognition, as it affects presentation of the target antigen and thus the quality of the response. In the current paper we report the systematic generation of a series of haptens designed to target the most stable conformations of methamphetamine as determined by molecular modeling. On the basis of our previous studies with nicotine, we show that introduction of strategic molecular constraint is able to maximize immune recognition of the target structure as evidenced by higher antibody affinity. Vaccination of GIX(+) mice with six unique METH immunoconjugates resulted in high antibody titers for three particularly promising formulations (45-108 mu g/mL, after the second immunization) and high affinity (82, 130, and 169 nM for ME2, MH6, and MH7 hapten-based vaccines, respectively). These findings represent a unique approach to the design of new vaccines against methamphetamine abuse.
(+)-甲基苯丙胺(METH)的使用和成瘾在过去二十年中以惊人的速度增长,然而目前尚无批准用于治疗的药物疗法。免疫药理学有望通过产生高度特异性的抗体来提供缓解,这些抗体可以阻止药物穿透血脑屏障,从而减少行为的强化。针对甲基苯丙胺的免疫治疗研究一直集中在单一的半抗原结构上,即连接物附着在METH分子的芳香环上。半抗原设计对免疫识别至关重要,因为它影响目标抗原的呈递,从而影响免疫反应的质量。在本文中,我们报告了系统生成一系列半抗原的设计,旨在靶向甲基苯丙胺通过分子建模确定的最稳定构象。基于我们之前对尼古丁的研究,我们表明引入战略性的分子约束能够最大化对目标结构的免疫识别,这一点通过更高的抗体亲和力得到了证明。用六种独特的METH免疫偶联物对GIX(+)小鼠进行免疫接种,结果三种特别有前途的制剂在第二次免疫后产生了高抗体滴度(45-108 μg/mL),并且表现出高亲和力(ME2、MH6和MH7半抗原基疫苗的亲和力分别为82、130和169 nM)。这些发现代表了设计新型甲基苯丙胺滥用疫苗的独特方法。