Biohydroxylation Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes and Whole-Cell Systems
作者:Sabine L. Flitsch、Suzanne J. Aitken、Cathy S.-Y. Chow、Gideon Grogan、Adam Staines
DOI:10.1006/bioo.1999.1135
日期:1999.4
The biohydroxylation of a number of cyclic substrates (3-24) containing aromatic side chains was used to compare substrate specificity and selectivity of hydroxylation using microbial enzymes and whole-cell biocatalysts. In general, the regioselectivity of reaction was remarkably similar between the different catalysts in that little aromatic or benzylic, but significant aliphatic hydroxylation was observed. However, a more detailed investigation of isolated products showed complementary substrate specificity, functional group compatibility, and regioselectivity of hydroxylation. Substrate specificity and regioselectivity could be further modulated by small changes to the nature of the aromatic side chain, which appears to play an important role in substrate recognition, (C) 1999 Academic Press.
Phosphine-free double carbonylation of iodobenzene in the presence of reusable supported palladium catalysts
作者:Máté Papp、Rita Skoda-Földes
DOI:10.1016/j.molcata.2013.06.002
日期:2013.11
Various silica supported palladium catalysts were prepared and tested in the double carbonylation of iodobenzene in the presence of secondary amines. The catalysts were proved to produce alpha-ketoamide products with excellent selectivity in most cases. At the same time, bulky amines hindered double carbonylation and led to the formation of amides as the main products. Under optimal conditions, the catalysts could be recycled at least six times. An increase in the reaction time led to a decrease in the amount of leached palladium. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.