Jasmoline I

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 脂肪酰基
• 英文名称: Jasmoline I
• 英文别名: [2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(E)-pent-2-enyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
• 化学式: C₂₁H₃₀O₃
• 分子量: 330.5
• InChiKey: NZKIRHFOLVYKFT-CMDGGOBGSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  5.4
• 重原子数：
  24
• 可旋转键数：
  7
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.62
• 拓扑面积：
  43.4
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

在摄入后，除虫菊酯会在胃肠道的各种消化酶的作用下水解。然而，有一小部分具有杀虫活性的化合物或其衍生物会被吸收，这可以通过它们的毒性和对肝脏的影响来证明。除虫菊酯也可能通过吸入或皮肤接触被吸收。它们迅速分布到大多数组织中，特别是高脂肪含量的组织，并在中枢和周围神经组织中浓缩。除虫菊酯或其代谢物不被认为会在体内储存或通过乳汁排出，但对此问题的研究并未使用现代方法。除虫菊酯的主要代谢途径是中心酯键的水解、在多个位点发生氧化攻击以及结合反应，产生一系列初级和次级水溶性代谢物，这些代谢物通过尿液排出。代谢过程被认为涉及非特异性的微粒体羧酸酯酶和微粒体混合功能氧化酶，这些酶几乎存在于所有类型的组织中，尤其是在肝脏中活性较高。代谢物，如菊酸一酸，会通过尿液和粪便排出。（L857, L889）

Following ingestion, pyrethrins are hydrolysed by various digestive enzymes in the gastro-intestinal tract. However, a small portion of the insecticidally active compounds or its derivatives are absorbed, as shown by their toxicity and their effect on the liver. Pyrethrins may also be absorbed following inhalation or dermal contact. They are rapidly distributed to most tissues, particularly to those with a high lipid content, and are concentrated in central and peripheral nervous tissues. Pyrethrins or their metabolites are not known to be stored in the body or to be excreted in the milk, but no study of the matter has employed modern methods. The major metabolic pathways for pyrethrins are hydrolysis of the central ester bond, oxidative attacks at several sites, and conjugation reactions, to produce a complex array of primary and secondary water-soluble metabolites that undergo urinary excretion. Metabolism is believed to involve nonspecific microsomal carboxyesterases and microsomal mixed function oxidases, which are located in nearly all tissue types, with particularly high activities in the liver. Metabolites, such as chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid, are excreted in the urine and faeces. (L857, L889)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

拟除虫菊酯通过延长神经细胞兴奋时钠通道门的开态相来发挥其作用。它们似乎与钠通道附近的膜脂质相结合，从而改变通道动力学。这阻止了神经中钠通道的关闭，从而延长了膜电位恢复到静息状态的时间。重复的（感觉、运动）神经元放电和延长的负后电位产生的效果与DDT产生的效果非常相似，导致神经系统过度活跃，可能导致瘫痪和/或死亡。

Pyrethrins exert their effect by prolonging the open phase of the sodium channel gates when a nerve cell is excited. They appear to bind to the membrane lipid phase in the immediate vicinity of the sodium channel, thus modifying the channel kinetics. This blocks the closing of the sodium gates in the nerves, and thus prolongs the return of the membrane potential to its resting state. The repetitive (sensory, motor) neuronal discharge and a prolonged negative afterpotential produces effects quite similar to those produced by DDT, leading to hyperactivity of the nervous system which can result in paralysis and/or death. (L857, A560)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

拟除虫菊酯通常会导致迅速出现攻击性行为和对外部刺激的过度敏感，随后出现细小震颤、全身粗大震颤导致倒地、体温升高、昏迷，最终死亡。在拟除虫菊酯中毒后，还可能出现感觉异常、严重角膜损伤、低血压和心动过速，这些症状与过敏性休克有关。

Pyrethrin effects typically include rapid onset of aggressive behavior and increased sensitivity to external stimuli, followed by fine tremor, prostration with coarse whole body tremor, elevated body temperature, coma, and death. Paresthesia, severe corneal damage, hypotension and tachycardia, associated with anaphylaxis, can also occur following pyrethrin poisoning. (L857)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入（L858）；口服（L858）；皮肤接触（L858）；眼睛接触（L858）。

Inhalation (L858) ; oral (L858) ; dermal (L858) ; eye contact (L858).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

吸入百菌清暴露的临床表现可能是局部或全身性的。局限于上呼吸道的局部反应包括鼻炎、打喷嚏、喉咙痒、口腔粘膜水肿，甚至喉粘膜水肿。下呼吸道的局部反应包括咳嗽、气短、喘息和胸痛。在敏感患者中，急性暴露会引起类似哮喘的反应。慢性暴露的个体可能会出现以胸痛、咳嗽、呼吸困难支气管痉挛为特征的过敏性肺炎。大量摄入可能会导致恶心、呕吐、耳鸣、头痛和其他中枢神经系统紊乱。

The clinical manifestations of inhalation exposure to pyrethrins can be local or systemic. Localized reactions confined to the upper respiratory tract include rhinitis, sneezing, scratchy throat, oral mucosal edema, and even laryngeal mucosal edema. Localized reactions of the lower respiratory tract include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest pain. An asthmalike reaction occurs with acute exposures in sensitized patients. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis characterized by chest pain, cough, dyspnea, and bronchospasm may occur in an individual chronically exposed. Large amounts may cause nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, headache, and other central nervous system disturbances. (A566)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

文献信息

• Insecticidal compositions and methods of using the same
  申请人：CLARKE MOSQUITO CONTROL PRODUCTS, INC.

  公开号：US10349662B2

  公开（公告）日：2019-07-16

  Insecticidal compositions have at least one active agent and at least one insecticide. The active agent can include perilla oil, a component found in perilla oil, or a perillaldehyde or carvone analog. The insecticide can include a pyrethrum, pyrethrin, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, chlofenapyr, ethiprole, sulfoxoflor, carbamate, organophosphate, or organochlorine. Methods for controlling insects include contacting an insect with an effective amount of a composition described in this specification. Modified plants that produce an active agent can be contacted with an insecticide.

  杀虫组合物含有至少一种活性剂和至少一种杀虫剂。活性剂可包括紫苏油、紫苏油中的一种成分或紫苏醛或香芹酮类似物。杀虫剂可包括除虫菊酯、除虫菊酯、拟除虫菊酯、新烟碱类、氯虫苯甲酰胺、乙基吡咯、磺胺草醚、氨基甲酸酯、有机磷酸酯或有机氯。控制昆虫的方法包括使昆虫与有效量的本说明书所述组合物接触。可将产生活性剂的改良植物与杀虫剂接触。
• Insecticidal composition
  申请人：CLARKE MOSQUITO CONTROL PRODUCTS, INC.

  公开号：US10980235B2

  公开（公告）日：2021-04-20

  Disclosed are insecticidal compositions and associated methods that comprise an insecticide, C2-4 alkylene carbonate, C2-6 polyalkylene glycol, and a block co-polymer of C2-5 polyalkylene glycol and C3-6 polyalkylene glycol.

  本发明公开了由杀虫剂、C2-4 碳酸亚烷基酯、C2-6 聚亚烷基二醇以及 C2-5 聚亚烷基二醇和 C3-6 聚亚烷基二醇的嵌段共聚物组成的杀虫组合物及相关方法。
• Methods and compositions for increasing the efficacy of biologically-active ingredients
  申请人：Windsor Brian J.

  公开号：US20060276339A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-12-07

  The invention provides methods and compositions for modulating the sensitivity of cells to cytotoxic compounds and other active agents. In accordance with the invention, compositions are provided comprising combinations of ectophosphatase inhibitors and active agents. Active agents include antibiotics, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, chemotherapeutic agents, and plant growth regulators. By increasing the efficacy of active agents, the invention allows use of compositions with lowered concentrations of active ingredients.
• INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION
  申请人：Saunders Marie Elizabeth

  公开号：US20130005688A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-01-03

  Disclosed are insecticidal compositions and associated methods that comprise pyrethrum, pyrethrins, one or more pyrethrin, or pyrethroid and mineral oil.
• INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME
  申请人：Willis Michael Dean

  公开号：US20130101687A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-04-25

  Insecticidal compositions have at least one active agent and at least one insecticide. The active agent can include perilla oil, a component found in perilla oil, or a perillaldehyde or carvone analog. The insecticide can include a pyrethrum, pyrethrin, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, chlofenapyr, ethiprole, sulfoxoflor, carbamate, organophosphate, or organochlorine. Methods for controlling insects include contacting an insect with an effective amount of a composition described in this specification. Modified plants that produce an active agent can be contacted with an insecticide.