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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 氨基酸及其衍生物 甘氨酸类衍生物

    甘氨酸类衍生物

    学名为氨基乙酸，是结构最简单且唯一没有旋光异构体的α-氨基酸。1820年，化学家布拉孔诺通过用盐酸处理明胶获得一种具有甜味的物质，最初误认为是糖类化合物，经分析发现它是一种含氮并带有羧基的化合物，可用于制造氨气，并将其命名为甘氨酸。

    甘氨酸常以四边柱状、无色单斜晶体的形式存在，密度为1.1607克/厘米³，熔点在232～236℃（分解）。它可溶于水而不溶于醚等有机溶剂。甘氨酸具有甜味，在水中被茚三酮氧化生成甲醛，并能在强酸或强碱中溶解，表现出两性特征，能被酒精沉淀析出。其合成通常通过α-卤代酸与浓氨水作用完成。

    甘氨酸在动物体内参与多种重要化合物的合成，如可与氨、甲酸和二氧化碳结合生成嘌呤类物质；并与琥珀酸合成卟啉类物质。它还是肌酸、甘氨胆酸和谷胱甘肽等化合物的合成原料之一，在人体内起到解毒作用。例如，甘氨酸可以与芳香类物质结合形成无毒物，并通过肝脏氧化后排出体外。此外，甘氨酸还用作氨基酸农药，如每1万平方米（约15亩）甘蔗田喷洒85%的甘氨酸溶液2.5公斤，可增加甘蔗糖分12.9%；N-磷酸甲酯甘氨酸作为一种有效的除草剂，每1万平方米使用1.5公斤即可消灭杂草。近年来，甘氨酸还用于制造抗癌药物，具有显著疗效。

    目前，甘氨酸已经实现大规模生产，并在多种领域发挥重要作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— monopotassium 4-hydroxy-α-[(3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)amino]benzeneacetate 69416-61-1 C13H14NO5*K
    monopotassium 4-hydroxy-α-[(3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)amino]benzeneacetate
    —— tetramethylammonium glycinate 55378-67-1 C2H4NO2*C4H12N
    tetramethylammonium glycinate
    —— [(2,3-difluorobenzoyl)amino]acetic acid 1072833-89-6 C9H7F2NO3
    [(2,3-difluorobenzoyl)amino]acetic acid
    —— cyclohexylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride 322392-74-5 C9H17NO2*ClH
    cyclohexylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride
    —— glycoβ-muricholic acid 66225-78-3 C26H43NO6
    glycoβ-muricholic acid
    —— (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-α-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonic acid)-(2-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-α,β-D-glucopyranose 64003-53-8 C37H61N2O29
    (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-α-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonic acid)-(2-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-α,β-D-glucopyranose
    —— methyl N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucylglicynate 5084-98-0 C17H24N2O5
    methyl N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucylglicynate
    —— N‑[3‑(2‑furyl)acryloyl]-L-phenylalanylglycylglycine 64967-39-1 C20H21N3O6
    N‑[3‑(2‑furyl)acryloyl]-L-phenylalanylglycylglycine
    —— (2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-pentanoylamino)-acetic acid 16257-05-9 C13H24N2O5
    (2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-pentanoylamino)-acetic acid
    —— Methyl 2-(dimethoxyphosphinyl)-2-<N-(methoxycarbonyl)amino>ethanoate 144001-86-5 C7H14NO7P
    Methyl 2-(dimethoxyphosphinyl)-2-<N-(methoxycarbonyl)amino>ethanoate
    —— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid 53994-85-7 C13H16ClNO4
    2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid
    —— [Cys-Gly]2 7729-20-6 C10H18N4O6S2
    [Cys-Gly]2
    —— Pro-Leu-Gly hydroxamate hydrochloride 120928-08-7 C13H25ClN4O4
    Pro-Leu-Gly hydroxamate hydrochloride
    —— N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-phenylglycine methyl ester 93136-36-8 C12H15NO4
    N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-phenylglycine methyl ester
    —— methyl 2-[((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)amino]-4-pentynoate 71460-02-1 C11H17NO4
    methyl 2-[((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)amino]-4-pentynoate
    —— Sodium (Z)-N-methyl-N-(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)aminoacetate 14351-62-3 C21H38NNaO3
    Sodium (Z)-N-methyl-N-(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)aminoacetate
    —— potassium 2-[[(Z)-3-ethoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-prop-1-enyl]amino]-2-phenyl-acetate 961-69-3 C14H16KNO4
    potassium 2-[[(Z)-3-ethoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-prop-1-enyl]amino]-2-phenyl-acetate
    —— 2-[2-[[3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]acetic acid 64410-47-5 C19H27N3O7
    2-[2-[[3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]acetic acid
    —— (2R)-2-amino-4-methyl-N-[2-(naphthalen-2-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl]pentanamide 100930-00-5 C18H23N3O2
    (2R)-2-amino-4-methyl-N-[2-(naphthalen-2-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl]pentanamide
    —— 2-[[(2R)-5-amino-5-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)pentanoyl]amino]acetic acid 6610-42-0 C15H19N3O6
    2-[[(2R)-5-amino-5-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)pentanoyl]amino]acetic acid
    —— Glycine, N,N-bis2-bis(carboxymethyl)aminoethyl-, pentapotassium salt 7216-95-7 C14H23KN3O10
    Glycine, N,N-bis2-bis(carboxymethyl)aminoethyl-, pentapotassium salt
    —— Gly-pro 4-methoxy-b-naphthylamide*hydroc hloride 100929-90-6 C18H22ClN3O3
    Gly-pro 4-methoxy-b-naphthylamide*hydroc hloride
    —— [N-[1-[2-(2-Pyridylcarboxamido)phenyl]ethylidene]-glycinato]nickel 264921-97-3 C16H14N3NiO3-
    [N-[1-[2-(2-Pyridylcarboxamido)phenyl]ethylidene]-glycinato]nickel
    —— 4-Methyl-phenylsulfonylaminoessigsaeure-butylester 92198-71-5 C13H19NO4S
    4-Methyl-phenylsulfonylaminoessigsaeure-butylester
    —— 2-(~2~H_2_)Amino(~2~H_2_)ethan(~2~H_2_)imidic acid 4896-77-9 C2H6N2O
    2-(~2~H_2_)Amino(~2~H_2_)ethan(~2~H_2_)imidic acid
    —— Sodium (cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)[(4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl)amino]acetate 26774-89-0 C13H16NNaO4
    Sodium (cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)[(4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl)amino]acetate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-N-methyl-2-(methylimino)ethan-1-aminium 44565-47-1 C4H11N2O+
    2-Hydroxy-N-methyl-2-(methylimino)ethan-1-aminium
    —— (R)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)glycine 6747-15-5 C10H10N2O2
    (R)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)glycine
    —— 2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}pent-4-enoate 170899-08-8 C10H16NO4-
    2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}pent-4-enoate
    —— (2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate 42288-20-0 C11H14N2O4S3
    (2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate
    —— leucyl-glycine-β-naphthylamide 100930-00-5 C18H23N3O2
    leucyl-glycine-β-naphthylamide
    —— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-amino)acetic acid 158979-29-4 C10H15NO4
    2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-amino)acetic acid
    —— H-Lys-Gly-OH.HCl 40719-58-2 C8H18ClN3O3
    H-Lys-Gly-OH.HCl
    —— Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OEt 7784-82-9 C23H33N3O6
    Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OEt
    —— N-Phenylglycime sodium salt 10265-69-7 C8H8NO2*Na
    N-Phenylglycime sodium salt
    —— (2S,3S,4R)-α-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine 117857-95-1 C6H9NO4
    (2S,3S,4R)-α-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine
    —— <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-seryl)-glycine ethyl ester 4526-93-6 C15H20N2O6
    <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-seryl)-glycine ethyl ester
    —— L-lysylglycine hydrochloride 40719-58-2 C8H17N3O3*ClH
    L-lysylglycine hydrochloride
    —— Diazanium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+);hydroxide 68413-60-5 C10H13FeN2O9.2H4N
    Diazanium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+);hydroxide
    —— [copper(II)(diethylene triamine pentaacetate)](3-) 11065-66-0 C14H18N3O10*Cu
    [copper(II)(diethylene triamine pentaacetate)](3-)
    —— rac-N,N'-Ethylenebis<2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine> 1170-02-1 C18H20N2O6
    rac-N,N'-Ethylenebis<2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine>
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-(2S)-aminoethanoic acid 709031-29-8 C12H19NO3
    2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-(2S)-aminoethanoic acid
    —— sivelestat sodium 150374-95-1 C20H21N2O7S*Na
    sivelestat sodium
    —— potassium D-α-(1-carbomethoxypropen-2-yl)-amino-p-hydroxyphenylacetate 69416-61-1 C13H14NO5*K
    potassium D-α-(1-carbomethoxypropen-2-yl)-amino-p-hydroxyphenylacetate
    —— N,N-dimethylglycine sodium salt 18319-88-5 C4H8NO2*Na
    N,N-dimethylglycine sodium salt
    —— N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanylglycylglycine 37700-64-4 C21H23N3O6
    N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanylglycylglycine
    —— N-(methoxy-carbonyl)-glycine methyl ester 70288-73-2 C5H9NO4
    N-(methoxy-carbonyl)-glycine methyl ester
    —— N-dithiocarbobenzoxyglycine 4596-57-0 C10H11NO2S2
    N-dithiocarbobenzoxyglycine
    —— N-Boc-3'-hydroxyadamantylglycine 709031-31-2 C17H27NO5
    N-Boc-3'-hydroxyadamantylglycine
    —— <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyl)-glycine 22221-75-6 C15H20N2O5
    <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyl)-glycine