学名为氨基乙酸,是结构最简单且唯一没有旋光异构体的α-氨基酸。1820年,化学家布拉孔诺通过用盐酸处理明胶获得一种具有甜味的物质,最初误认为是糖类化合物,经分析发现它是一种含氮并带有羧基的化合物,可用于制造氨气,并将其命名为甘氨酸。
甘氨酸常以四边柱状、无色单斜晶体的形式存在,密度为1.1607克/厘米³,熔点在232~236℃(分解)。它可溶于水而不溶于醚等有机溶剂。甘氨酸具有甜味,在水中被茚三酮氧化生成甲醛,并能在强酸或强碱中溶解,表现出两性特征,能被酒精沉淀析出。其合成通常通过α-卤代酸与浓氨水作用完成。
甘氨酸在动物体内参与多种重要化合物的合成,如可与氨、甲酸和二氧化碳结合生成嘌呤类物质;并与琥珀酸合成卟啉类物质。它还是肌酸、甘氨胆酸和谷胱甘肽等化合物的合成原料之一,在人体内起到解毒作用。例如,甘氨酸可以与芳香类物质结合形成无毒物,并通过肝脏氧化后排出体外。此外,甘氨酸还用作氨基酸农药,如每1万平方米(约15亩)甘蔗田喷洒85%的甘氨酸溶液2.5公斤,可增加甘蔗糖分12.9%;N-磷酸甲酯甘氨酸作为一种有效的除草剂,每1万平方米使用1.5公斤即可消灭杂草。近年来,甘氨酸还用于制造抗癌药物,具有显著疗效。
目前,甘氨酸已经实现大规模生产,并在多种领域发挥重要作用。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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D-环己基甘氨酸盐酸盐 | (S)-cyclohexylglycine-hydrochloride | 56676-70-1 | C8H15NO2*ClH |
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D-环己基甘氨酸盐酸盐 | (R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexylacetic acid hydrochloride | 61367-40-6 | C8H15NO2*ClH |
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D-环己基甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐 | D-cyclohexylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride | 14328-64-4 | C9H17NO2*ClH |
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D-环己基甘氨酸 | (R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexylacetic acid | 14328-52-0 | C8H15NO2 |
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D-环丙基甘氨酸 | (R)-2-amino-2-cyclopropylacetic acid | 49607-01-4 | C5H9NO2 |
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D-环丁基甘氨酸 | (R)-c-butylglycine | 49607-10-5 | C6H11NO2 |
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D-烯丙基甘氨酸盐酸盐 | (R)-2-allylglycine hydrochloride | 108412-04-0 | C5H9NO2*ClH |
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D-烯丙基甘氨酸 | D-allylglycine | 54594-06-8 | C5H9NO2 |
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D-炔丙基甘氨酸 | (R)-2-aminopent-4-ynoic acid | 23235-03-2 | C5H7NO2 |
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D-对羟基苯甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐 | methyl (R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate hydrochloride | 57591-61-4 | C9H11NO3*ClH |
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D-对氟苯甘氨酸 | (R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)glycine | 93939-74-3 | C8H8FNO2 |
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D-亮氨酰基-甘氨酰基-甘氨酸 | N-{N-D-leucyl-glycyl}-glycine | 18625-22-4 | C10H19N3O4 |
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D-丙氨酰甘氨酸 | D-ala-gly | 3997-90-8 | C5H10N2O3 |
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D-Alpha-(3-噻吩基)甘氨酸 | (R)-amino-thiophene-3-yl-ethanoic acid | 1194-86-1 | C6H7NO2S |
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D-4-氨基苯甘氨酸 | (R)-Amino-(4-amino-phenyl)-acetic acid | 35619-39-7 | C8H10N2O2 |
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D-2-(4-氟苯基)甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐 | (R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)glycine methyl ester hydrochloride | 439213-22-6 | C9H10FNO2*ClH |
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D-(-)-苯甘氨酸酰氯盐酸盐 | (R)-phenylglycine hydrochloride | 25705-52-6 | C8H9NO2*ClH |
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D-(+)-(2-氯苯)甘氨酸 | D-2-chlorophenylglycine | 86169-24-6 | C8H8ClNO2 |
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D,L-3-吲哚甘氨酸 | 2-amino-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid | 6747-15-5 | C10H10N2O2 |
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D(-)-对羟基苯甘氨酸 | D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine | 22818-40-2 | C8H9NO3 |
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Cbz-环己基-L-甘氨酸 | (S)-2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-cyclohexylacetic acid | 69901-75-3 | C16H21NO4 |
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Cbz-L-苯甘氨酸 | (S)-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)phenylglycine | 53990-33-3 | C16H15NO4 |
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CBZ-甘氨酸酰肼 | N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)glycine hydrazide | 5680-83-1 | C10H13N3O3 |
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CBZ-甘氨酸甲酯 | methyl N-benzyloxycarbonylglycinate | 1212-53-9 | C11H13NO4 |
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CBZ-D-环己基甘氨酸 | N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)cyclohexylglycine | 69901-85-5 | C16H21NO4 |
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Boc-酪氨酸-D-丙氨酸-甘氨酸 | N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-L-tyrosyl-D-alanylglycine | 64410-47-5 | C19H27N3O7 |
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Boc-甘氨酸酰肼 | (tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine hydrazide | 6926-09-6 | C7H15N3O3 |
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Boc-甘氨酸叔-丁基酯 | N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine tert-butyl ester | 111652-20-1 | C11H21NO4 |
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Boc-甘氨酰甘氨酸 | Boc-Gly-Gly-OH | 31972-52-8 | C9H16N2O5 |
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Boc-d-2-茚烷甘氨酸 | (2R)-[(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino](2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)ethanoic acid | 181227-48-5 | C16H21NO4 |
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Boc-N-甲基-L-苯甘氨酸 | Boc-N-Me-L-Phg | 30925-11-2 | C14H19NO4 |
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Boc-Lys(Boc)-甘氨酸 | N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysylglycine | 120893-72-3 | C18H33N3O7 |
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Boc-L-环戊基甘氨酸 | (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-cyclopentylacetic acid | 109183-72-4 | C12H21NO4 |
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Boc-L-环己基甘氨酸 | N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-cyclohexylglycine | 109183-71-3 | C13H23NO4 |
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Boc-L-环丙基甘氨酸 | (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-cyclopropylacetic acid | 155976-13-9 | C10H17NO4 |
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Boc-L-环丁基甘氨酸 | (2S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-cyclobutyl-acetic acid | 155905-77-4 | C11H19NO4 |
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Boc-L-烯丙基甘氨酸 | (2S)-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]pent-4-enoic acid | 90600-20-7 | C10H17NO4 |
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Boc-L-炔丙基甘氨酸 | (S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pent-4-ynoic acid | 63039-48-5 | C10H15NO4 |
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Boc-D-苯甘氨酸 | Boc-D-Phg-OH | 33125-05-2 | C13H17NO4 |
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Boc-D-环戊基甘氨酸 | Boc-D-Cpeg-OH | 156881-63-9 | C12H21NO4 |
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Boc-D-环己基甘氨酸 | (2R)-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-amino](cyclohexyl)ethanoic acid | 70491-05-3 | C13H23NO4 |
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Boc-D-环丁基甘氨酸 | Boc-D-cyclobutylglycine | 155905-78-5 | C11H19NO4 |
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Boc-D-烯丙基甘氨酸 | N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-D-allylglycine | 170899-08-8 | C10H17NO4 |
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Boc-D-炔丙基甘氨酸.DCHA | Boc-D-pra-OH dcha | 63039-47-4 | C22H38N2O4 |
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Boc-D-炔丙基甘氨酸 | Boc-D-propargylglycine | 63039-46-3 | C10H15NO4 |
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BOC-肌氨酸甲酯 | methyl 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino)acetate | 42492-57-9 | C9H17NO4 |
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BOC-甘氨酸甲酯 | N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine methyl ester | 31954-27-5 | C8H15NO4 |
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BOC-甘氨酸-N-羟基琥柏酰亚胺酯 | tert-butyl N-{2-[(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl}carbamate | 3392-07-2 | C11H16N2O6 |
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BOC-甘氨酸 | BOC-glycine | 4530-20-5 | C7H13NO4 |
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BOC-N-乙基甘氨酸 | N-(tert-buytoxycarbonyl)-N-ethylglycine | 149794-10-5 | C9H17NO4 |
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