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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 氨基酸及其衍生物 甘氨酸类衍生物

    甘氨酸类衍生物

    学名为氨基乙酸，是结构最简单且唯一没有旋光异构体的α-氨基酸。1820年，化学家布拉孔诺通过用盐酸处理明胶获得一种具有甜味的物质，最初误认为是糖类化合物，经分析发现它是一种含氮并带有羧基的化合物，可用于制造氨气，并将其命名为甘氨酸。

    甘氨酸常以四边柱状、无色单斜晶体的形式存在，密度为1.1607克/厘米³，熔点在232～236℃（分解）。它可溶于水而不溶于醚等有机溶剂。甘氨酸具有甜味，在水中被茚三酮氧化生成甲醛，并能在强酸或强碱中溶解，表现出两性特征，能被酒精沉淀析出。其合成通常通过α-卤代酸与浓氨水作用完成。

    甘氨酸在动物体内参与多种重要化合物的合成，如可与氨、甲酸和二氧化碳结合生成嘌呤类物质；并与琥珀酸合成卟啉类物质。它还是肌酸、甘氨胆酸和谷胱甘肽等化合物的合成原料之一，在人体内起到解毒作用。例如，甘氨酸可以与芳香类物质结合形成无毒物，并通过肝脏氧化后排出体外。此外，甘氨酸还用作氨基酸农药，如每1万平方米（约15亩）甘蔗田喷洒85%的甘氨酸溶液2.5公斤，可增加甘蔗糖分12.9%；N-磷酸甲酯甘氨酸作为一种有效的除草剂，每1万平方米使用1.5公斤即可消灭杂草。近年来，甘氨酸还用于制造抗癌药物，具有显著疗效。

    目前，甘氨酸已经实现大规模生产，并在多种领域发挥重要作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Potassium N-Cocoyl Glycinate 301341-58-2 C28H53KNO5+
    Potassium N-Cocoyl Glycinate
    —— 170492-24-7 C7H11NNaO6
    —— glyphosate-sodium salt 34494-03-6 C3H7NO5P*Na
    glyphosate-sodium salt
    —— Ammonium (diethylenetriaminepentaacetato)iron(211) 85959-68-8 C14H29FeN5O10
    Ammonium (diethylenetriaminepentaacetato)iron(211)
    —— 2-Aminoacetic acid;(3-carboxy-2-propanoyloxypropyl)-trimethylazanium;chloride 423152-20-9 C12H25ClN2O6
    2-Aminoacetic acid;(3-carboxy-2-propanoyloxypropyl)-trimethylazanium;chloride
    —— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(cyclopropyl)amino)acetic acid 182291-93-6 C10H17NO4
    2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(cyclopropyl)amino)acetic acid
    —— Glycine, N-(phosphonomethyl)-, trisodium salt 34494-03-6 C3H5NO5P*3Na
    Glycine, N-(phosphonomethyl)-, trisodium salt
    —— 55910-10-6 C13H10F17KNO4S
    —— potassium;(2R)-2-[[(E)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 57938-86-0 C14H16KNO5
    potassium;(2R)-2-[[(E)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— Potassium (R)-[(3-ethoxy-1-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)amino]phenylacetate 961-69-3 C14H16KNO4
    Potassium (R)-[(3-ethoxy-1-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)amino]phenylacetate
    —— Glycine,N-diethyl-, sodium salt 5426-55-1 C6H13NNaO2+
    Glycine,N-diethyl-, sodium salt
    —— Sodium;2-(dimethylamino)acetic acid 18319-88-5 C4H9NNaO2+
    Sodium;2-(dimethylamino)acetic acid
    —— Aluminum zirconium chloride hydroxide 57158-29-9 Al2Cl7H7O7Zr2
    Aluminum zirconium chloride hydroxide
    —— Einecs 223-801-9 4079-10-1 C27H28N2O9S
    Einecs 223-801-9
    —— Tripotassium nitrilotriacetate 2399-85-1 C6H6K3NO6
    Tripotassium nitrilotriacetate
    —— Trisodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron 150-38-9 C10H13N2Na3O8
    Trisodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron
    —— L-prolyl-L-leucylglycylglycine 75188-89-5 C15H26N4O5
    L-prolyl-L-leucylglycylglycine
    —— (+)-benzyloxycarbonyl-alpha-phosphonoglycine trimethyl ester 88568-95-0 C13H18NO7P
    (+)-benzyloxycarbonyl-alpha-phosphonoglycine trimethyl ester
    —— Z-Gly-Gly-Val-OH 34152-86-8 C17H23N3O6
    Z-Gly-Gly-Val-OH
    —— disodium N-carboxylglycinate 35783-03-0 C3H3NO4*2Na
    disodium N-carboxylglycinate
    —— Cysteyl-Glycin 19246-18-5 C5H10N2O3S
    Cysteyl-Glycin
    —— 2-[[2-[[3-Phenyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetic acid 37700-64-4 C21H23N3O6
    2-[[2-[[3-Phenyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetic acid
    —— Carboxymethylazanide;manganese(2+) 14281-77-7 C4H8MnN2O4
    Carboxymethylazanide;manganese(2+)
    —— alanylglycine methyl ester 438002-26-7 C6H12N2O3
    alanylglycine methyl ester
    —— ethyl 2-[[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetate 4526-93-6 C15H20N2O6
    ethyl 2-[[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]acetate
    —— (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-cyclopropylacetic acid 54256-41-6 C10H17NO4
    (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-cyclopropylacetic acid
    —— N-Cinnamoyl-urethan 143816-12-0 C12H13NO3
    N-Cinnamoyl-urethan
    —— <i>trans</i>-cinnamoyl-carbamic acid ethyl ester 143816-12-0 C12H13NO3
    <i>trans</i>-cinnamoyl-carbamic acid ethyl ester
    —— octylamino-acetic acid 52478-47-4 C10H21NO2
    octylamino-acetic acid
    —— Sodium N,N-dimethylglycinate 18319-88-5 C4H10NNaO2
    Sodium N,N-dimethylglycinate
    —— Gly2-L-HisGly 128114-56-7 C12H18N6O5
    Gly2-L-HisGly
    —— Ac-Pro-Leu-Gly-OH 89626-38-0 C15H25N3O5
    Ac-Pro-Leu-Gly-OH
    —— N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-vinyl glycine 91028-39-6 C9H15NO4
    N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-vinyl glycine
    —— (2R)-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino](4-fluorophenyl)acetate 196707-32-1 C13H15FNO4-
    (2R)-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino](4-fluorophenyl)acetate
    —— bicine sodium salt 17123-43-2 C6H12NO4*Na
    bicine sodium salt
    —— glycine p-nitrophenyl ester hydrochloride 16336-29-1 C8H8N2O4*ClH
    glycine p-nitrophenyl ester hydrochloride
    —— N,N-diethylglycine sodium salt 5426-55-1 C6H12NO2*Na
    N,N-diethylglycine sodium salt
    —— Dicyclohexylazanium;2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]pent-4-enoate 143979-15-1 C10H17NO4*C12H23N
    Dicyclohexylazanium;2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]pent-4-enoate
    —— Sialyllacto-N-tetraose a 64003-53-8 C37H62N2O29
    Sialyllacto-N-tetraose a
    —— N-(4-isopropyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-methylglycine 1353000-12-0 C13H16N2O2S
    N-(4-isopropyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-methylglycine
    —— Glycine, N-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-N-(carboxymethyl)-, monosodium salt 32046-75-6 C11H20NNaO6
    Glycine, N-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-N-(carboxymethyl)-, monosodium salt
    —— (2R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanoic acid 37763-23-8 C9H11NO3
    (2R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanoic acid
    —— (2R)-2-azaniumyl-2-thiophen-3-ylacetate 1194-86-1 C6H7NO2S
    (2R)-2-azaniumyl-2-thiophen-3-ylacetate
    —— Ethyl (R)-(amino)phenylacetate HCl 17609-48-2 C10H14ClNO2
    Ethyl (R)-(amino)phenylacetate HCl
    —— (1)-Amino(2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid 84145-28-8 C8H10FNO2
    (1)-Amino(2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid
    —— Einecs 302-746-5 94133-82-1 C5H8N2Na2O6
    Einecs 302-746-5
    —— potassium;(2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(E)-4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl]amino]acetate 69416-61-1 C13H14KNO5
    potassium;(2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(E)-4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl]amino]acetate
    —— Nickel(3+);2-[[phenyl-[2-(2-piperidin-1-ylacetyl)azanidylphenyl]methylidene]amino]acetate 847654-17-5 C22H23N3NiO3+
    Nickel(3+);2-[[phenyl-[2-(2-piperidin-1-ylacetyl)azanidylphenyl]methylidene]amino]acetate
    —— Glycine, N,N-bis(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)-, potassium salt (1:5) 7216-95-7 C14H18K5N3O10
    Glycine, N,N-bis(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)-, potassium salt (1:5)
    —— N-acetyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl(valineglycine) 379685-96-8 C16H19F3N2O4
    N-acetyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl(valineglycine)