摘要:
Solutions of facial-tris(1-phenylpyrazole)Ir(III) (fac-Ir(ppz)(3)), when dissolved in either tert-butyl isocyanide or in solid films of 2-naphthylisocyanide, undergo replacement of a ppz ligand by the isocyanide molecules after irradiation with UV light as demonstrated by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer analysis. Similarly, solutions of Ir(ppz)(3) and bathophenanthroline (BPhen) in CH2Cl2 or acetone-d(6) form a brightly emissive species, [Ir(ppz)(2)(Bphen)](+) when irradiated with UV light as established by optical, mass, and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Electroluminescent data from blocked organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices demonstrate that both mer- and fac-(Ir(ppz)(3)) dissociate a ligand and coordinate a neighboring BPhen molecule when the device is operated at moderate to high current levels. These experiments offer direct evidence of the dissociation of a metalligand bond and subsequent ligand substitution as a degradation pathway in active OLED devices during operation and provide a route to assay in situ the stability of future dopants.