ABSTRACT
Histoplasmosis is a severe infection that affects millions of patients worldwide and is endemic in the Americas. Amphotericin B (AMB) and itraconazole are highly effective for the treatment of severe and milder forms of the disease, but AMB is toxic, and the bioavailability of itraconazole is erratic. Therefore, it is important to investigate new classes of drugs for histoplasmosis treatment. In this study, a series of nine isoniazid hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities
in vitro
against the dimorphic fungus
Histoplasma capsulatum
var.
capsulatum
. The drugs were tested by microdilution in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The compound
N
′-(1-phenylethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide had the lowest MIC range of all the compounds for the yeast and filamentous forms of
H. capsulatum
. The
in vitro
synergy of this compound with AMB against the planktonic and biofilm forms of
H. capsulatum
cells was assessed by the checkerboard method. The effects of this hydrazone on cellular ergosterol content and membrane integrity were also investigated. The study showed that the compound alone is able to reduce the ergosterol content of planktonic cells and can alter the membrane permeability of the fungus. Furthermore, the compound alone or in combination with AMB showed inhibitory effects against mature biofilms of
H. capsulatum
.
N
′-(1-Phenylethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide alone or combined with AMB might be of interest in the management of histoplasmosis.
摘要
组织胞浆菌病是一种严重的传染病,影响着全球数百万患者,在美洲呈地方性流行。两性霉素 B(AMB)和伊曲康唑对治疗重度和轻度组织胞浆菌病非常有效,但两性霉素 B 有毒性,而伊曲康唑的生物利用度不稳定。因此,研究治疗组织胞浆菌病的新型药物非常重要。本研究合成了一系列九种异烟肼腙衍生物,并对它们的抗真菌活性进行了以下评估
体外
针对二形真菌
荚膜组织胞浆菌
变种
荚膜组织胞浆菌
.根据 CLSI 指南,对药物进行了微量稀释测试。化合物
N
′-(1-苯基亚乙基)异烟酰肼在所有化合物中对酵母和丝状荚膜梭菌的 MIC 范围最低。
噬菌体
.体外
体外
该化合物与 AMB 的体外协同作用对浮游型和生物膜型的
细胞的协同作用。
细胞的协同作用。还研究了这种腙对细胞麦角甾醇含量和膜完整性的影响。研究表明,单独使用这种化合物能够降低浮游细胞的麦角甾醇含量,并能改变真菌的膜渗透性。此外,该化合物单独使用或与 AMB 联合使用都能对成熟的荚膜真菌生物膜产生抑制作用。
H. capsulatum
.
N
′-(1-苯基亚乙基)异烟酰肼单独使用或与 AMB 联用可能对组织胞浆菌病的治疗有一定意义。