heptyl viologen | 47503-76-4

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吡啶及其衍生物
• 英文名称: heptyl viologen
• 英文别名: 1,1'-diheptyl-4,4'-bipyridinium；1-heptyl-4-(1-heptylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)pyridin-1-ium
• CAS: 47503-76-4
• 化学式: C₂₄H₃₈N₂
• mdl: MFCD00806786
• 分子量: 354.579
• InChiKey: XJGZGUSMZSXHJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  7.3
• 重原子数：
  26
• 可旋转键数：
  13
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.58
• 拓扑面积：
  7.8
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  heptyl viologen 在 三(2,2'-联吡啶)钌II 、 乙二胺四乙酸 、 phosphatidylcholine 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 heptylviologen radical cation
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Mechanisms of vectorial transmembrane reduction of viologens across phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes

  摘要：

  Zero-order kinetics were observed for one-electron transmembrane oxidation-reduction in vectorially organized phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing entrapped viologens and chemical reductants in the external aqueous phase. Oxygenation-reduction cycling established that the viologen was retained within the vesicle during this reaction. The rates were independent of the identities of the reactants and concentration of reductant as well as a wide variety of medium conditions. At high salt concentration, however, reduction of N,N'-diheptyl-4,4'-bipyridinium ion [(C7)2V2+], the most intensively studied viologen, exhibited anion-specific rate acceleration and autocatalysis, with the relative effectiveness of the anions following approximately the lyotropic series. Addition of valinomycin in K+-containing media or other lipophilic ions also accelerated the reaction rate. Sigmoidal kinetics were observed when valinomycin was present, and following reduction, the viologen was shown to have diffused out of the vesicles. The (C7)2V2+ dication was demonstrated to be membrane permeable by C-14-radioisotope-exchange techniques. These data were interpreted to indicate that net transmembrane oxidation-reduction occurred stepwise by (i) (C7)2V2+ ion diffusion across the bilayer, (ii) reduction in the external aqueous phase, and (iii) uptake of the (C7)2V+ product ion by the vesicles, with the overall reaction being rate limited by movement of charge-compensating aqueous ions. When other membrane-permeable ions were present, their translocation dissipated the membrane potential formed by outward diffusion of entrapped (C7)2V2+ ion, allowing accumulation of the (C7)2V+ radical cation at the external vesicle interface. This accumulation, in turn, gave rise to a (C7)2V+-mediated transmembrane redox pathway. The relative contribution of this pathway increased as the reaction proceeded, thereby accounting for the autocatalytic character of the reaction. Photostimulated transmembrane oxidation-reduction of entrapped (C7)2V2+ ion by EDTA ion was also observed with several photosensitizers that were confined to the external aqueous phase. These reactions could also be accommodated by the general reaction scheme presented but not by other previously advanced mechanisms.

  DOI：

  10.1021/j100110a039
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  4,4'-联吡啶 、 1-溴代庚烷 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 72.0h， 生成 heptyl viologen 、 1-Hexyl-[4,4']bipyridinyl-1-ium
  参考文献：
  名称：

  紫精客体与葫芦[7] uril宿主之间结合相互作用的模式。

  摘要：

  [结构：见正文]通过NMR光谱研究了葫芦丝[7]尿素（CB7）与一系列二烷基-4,4'-联吡啶鎓（紫精）客体之间的来宾与客体之间的相互作用。CB7包括短链紫罗兰素的芳香核，但由于末端烷基取代基与主体内部腔体之间存在良好的疏水性相互作用，因此相互作用方式与长链紫罗兰素不同。在紫精-CB7结合相互作用的基础上，设计并合成了一种新的拟轮烷。

  DOI：

  10.1021/ol035967x

文献信息

• ORGANIC COMPOUND, ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOUND, AND ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT, OPTICAL FILTER, LENS UNIT, IMAGING DEVICE, AND WINDOW COMPONENT HAVING SAME
  申请人：CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA

  公开号：US20170329195A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-11-16

  An organic compound represented by General Formula (1), in which, in General Formula (1), R 1 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, X 1 and X 2 are each independently selected from an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, and A 1 − and A 2 − each independently represent a monovalent anion.

  在通用公式(1)中，R1代表一个烷基或烷氧基，X1和X2各自独立地从可能含有一个取代基的烷基、可能含有一个取代基的芳基或可能含有一个取代基的芳烷基中选择，A1-和A2-各自独立地代表一个单价阴离子。
• Capture compounds, collections thereof and methods for analyzing the proteome and complex compositions
  申请人：Kõster Hubert

  公开号：US20100248264A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-09-30

  Capture compounds and collections thereof and methods using the compounds for the analysis of biomolecules are provided. In particular, collections, compounds and methods are provided for analyzing complex protein mixtures, such as the proteome. The compounds are multifunctional reagents that provide for the separation and isolation of complex protein mixtures. Automated systems for performing the methods also are provided.

  提供了捕获化合物及其集合以及使用这些化合物进行生物分子分析的方法。特别地，提供了用于分析复杂蛋白质混合物（如蛋白质组）的集合、化合物和方法。这些化合物是多功能试剂，可用于分离和分离复杂的蛋白质混合物。还提供了执行这些方法的自动化系统。
• Electron transfer and dimerization of viologen radicals on colloidal TiO2
  作者：Enrico Borgarello、Ezio Pelizzetti、William A. Mulac、Dan Meisel

  DOI：10.1039/f19858100143

  日期：——

  The reaction of several viologen radical cations with colloidal TiO2 particles of 70 Å radius has been studied in detail. The electron-transfer reaction from methyl viologen radicals (MV+) to the TiO2 particles is controlled by the rate of the heterogeneous electron-transfer step. Protonation of the reduced particle follows the electron-transfer reaction in a temporally well separated reaction. Analysis

  已详细研究了几种紫精自由基阳离子与半径为70Å的胶体TiO 2颗粒的反应。从甲基紫精自由基（MV +）到TiO 2粒子的电子转移反应由异质电子转移步骤的速率控制。在时间上良好分离的反应中，还原的粒子的质子化遵循电子转移反应。分析随后的平衡阶段，但在质子化发生之前，可以估算胶体中的电荷载流子密度。还研究了添加的Pt（作为单独的胶体或通过光沉积在TiO 2颗粒上）的影响。动力学分析表明Pt和TiO 2的混合物胶体导致Pt颗粒吸附在TiO 2胶体上。然而，吸附的Pt胶体独立于TiO 2颗粒反应。
• Electrolytic display device employing metal ion catalysis
  申请人：International Business Machines Corporation

  公开号：EP0083668A1

  公开（公告）日：1983-07-20

  An electrolytic display device, specifically an electrochromic display based on viologen, employs metal ions in solution to catalyse the reduction of display material at the display electrodes. The metal ions are deposited faster than the display material and subsequently chemically reduce this material. Thallium (I) as the metal catalyst in combination with an oxy-anion of phosphorus accelerates the display reaction without causing undesired precipitation from the solution. Cadmium (II) in combination with sulphate anions is also an effective catalyst. Either a greater amount of display material may be deposited than without the catalyst or the same amount deposited in a shorter time.

  一种电解显示装置，特别是基于紫胶的电致变色显示装置，利用溶液中的金属离子来催化显示电极上显示材料的还原。金属离子的沉积速度比显示材料快，随后会对显示材料进行化学还原。铊（I）作为金属催化剂，与磷的氧阴离子结合，可加速显示反应，而不会导致溶液中出现不希望出现的沉淀。镉（II）与硫酸根阴离子结合也是一种有效的催化剂。与不使用催化剂相比，可以沉积更多的显示材料，或者在更短的时间内沉积相同数量的显示材料。
• Single-compartment, self-erasing, solution-phase electrochromic devices, solutions for use therein, and uses thereof
  申请人：GENTEX CORPORATION

  公开号：EP0240226A2

  公开（公告）日：1987-10-07

  Single-compartment, self-erasing, solution-phase electrochromic devices, solutions of electrochromic compounds for use as media of variable transmittance in such devices, and electrochromic compounds for such solutions are provided. The devices of the invention are surprisingly stable to cycling between light and dark states, have continuously variable transmittance to light as a function of electrical potential applied across the solution in a device, and have transmittance that can be varied over more than a factor of 10, from clear to dark or from dark to clear, in several seconds. Thus, the devices are especially suitable as variable transmittance components of variable transmission light filters, including windows, and variable reflectance mirrors, including anti-glare rearview mirrors in automobiles. Also provided are improved variable reflectance mirrors, wherein transmittance of reflected light is varied by thermochromic, photochromic or electro-optic means and wherein the reduction in transmittance which is required to eliminate perceptible reflection of an object to the eyes of an observer is reduced by disposing the plane of the highly reflective surface of the mirror at an angle with respect to the plane of the surface through which light from the object enters the mirror.

  本发明提供了单室、自迭代、溶液相电致变色装置，在此类装置中用作可变透射率介质的电致变色化合物溶液，以及用于此类溶液的电致变色化合物。令人惊讶的是，本发明的装置在光和暗状态之间循环时非常稳定，具有连续可变的透光率，这与装置中溶液两端施加的电势有关，并且透光率可在几秒钟内变化 10 倍以上，从透明到暗或从暗到透明。因此，这些装置特别适合作为可变透射滤光器（包括窗户）和可变反射镜（包括汽车防眩目后视镜）的可变透射率组件。此外，还提供了改进的可变反射镜，其中反射光的透射率是通过热致变色、光致变色或电致发光的方法来改变的，并且通过将镜子的高反射表面的平面与物体的光进入镜子的表面的平面成一定角度来减少透射率的降低，从而消除物体对观察者眼睛的可察觉反射。

表征谱图