Synthesis of dithienothiophenes, cyclopentadithiophene and silacyclopentadithiophenes using palladium-catalyzed cyclization
作者:Masahiko Iyoda、Mami Miura、Shigeru Sasaki、S.M.Humayun Kabir、Yoshiyuki Kuwatani、Masato Yoshida
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00979-9
日期:1997.6
The intramolecular cyclization of bromothiophene derivatives with hexamethylditin in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) gave dithienothiophenes, cyclopentadithiophene, and silacyclopentadithiophenes in moderate to good yields.
An efficient method for the homocoupling of aryl halides by electron-transfer oxidation of Lipshutz cuprates (Ar2Cu(CN)Li-2) with organic electron acceptors is disclosed. Thus, various types of Lipshutz cuprates are prepared by successive treatment of aryl or heteroaryl bromides with tert-butyllithium and CuCN. The electron-transfer oxidation of Lipshutz cuprates with p-benzoquinones proceeds smoothly to afford the corresponding homocoupling products in moderate to good yields. Furthermore, it can be applied to the construction of either thiophene- or benzene-fused 10-membered ring cyclophanes. For the synthesis of 10-membered cyclophanes, the linear C-Cu-C structure of Lipshutz cuprates should be maintained in the dimetallacyclic intermediates, producing the large ring cyclophanes efficiently. The X-ray analysis of the cyclophanes reveals that the difference in the bridging atoms results in the different conformations of the macrocyclic rings. Thus, the silicon-bridged cyclophane 5a adopts a D-2-symmetric structure with a twisted rhombic arrangement of four thiophene rings, whereas the methylene- and oxygen-bridged cyclophanes 5b and 5c possess C2h- and C-2-symmetric structures with chair- and boatlike conformations, respectively. The H-1 NMR spectrum of C-2-symmetric 5c is temperature- dependent, and the activation energy (Delta G double dagger) for the conformational change is 10.1 kcal/mol.
MCKILLOP, A.;MADJDABADI, FERREIDON, ABBASI;LONG, D. A., TETRAHEDRON LETT., 1983, 24, N 18, 1933-1936
作者:MCKILLOP, A.、MADJDABADI, FERREIDON, ABBASI、LONG, D. A.
DOI:——
日期:——
A simple and inexpensive procedure for chloromethylation of certain aromatic compounds
作者:Alexander McKillop、Fereidon Abbasi Madjdabadi、David A. Long
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)81809-2
日期:1983.1
Reaction of a range of aromaticcompounds with methoxyacetyl chloride and aluminium chloride in either nitromethane or carbon disulphide results in chloromethylation in good to excellent yield.