Single- or Dual-Mode Switching of Semisynthetic Ribonuclease S′ with an Iminodiacetic Acid Moiety in Response to the Copper(II) Concentration
摘要:
Ribonuclease S' bearing iminodiacetic acid as a metal-binding site was designed and semisynthesized by self-assembly of native S-protein with chemically modified S-peptide. Iminodiacetic acid-appended amino acid (Ida(4)) was synthesized and incorporated into the S-peptide sequence by solid-phase peptide synthesis based on Fmoc chemistry at a single site or double sites of the solvent-exposed side of the S-peptide. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of these S-peptides confirmed that the Cu-II ion induced an increase or decrease of alpha-helix conformation depending on the replacement position. S-Peptide/S-protein titration monitored by conventional enzymatic activity and UV or CD spectroscopy demonstrated that various S-peptides form a stable complex (Ida(4)-RNase S') with S-protein, except when Met13 and Asp14 are replaced with Ida4. In Cu-II titration and thermal denaturation experiments with single-site replacement mutants, Cu-II binding occurred at 1:1 stoichiometry of Ida(4)/Cu-II with perturbation of the a-helix conformation. Both 2:1 and 2:2 stoichiometries were achieved by addition of Cu-II ions to double-site mutants, and were dependent on the Cu-II concentration. Most importantly, the A6/E9Ida(4)-RNase S' mutant shows cooperative binding of Cu-II ion with two Ida(4); holoenzyme stability is enhanced at 2:1 stoichiometry, but at 2:2 stoichiometry, two Ida(4) sites independently bind two Cu-II ions, and the mutant is destabilized. Other double mutants showed simple destabilization of 3D structure upon Cu-II binding. The response of the enzymatic activity of these Ida4-RNase S' to the concentration of Cu-II ion was evaluated by the hydrolysis of polyuridiric acid catalyzed by RNaseS' mutants. The Cu-II-induced activity change of single and double mutants agreed well with the structural response to Cu-II, that is, the activity of AG/E9Ida(4)-RNaseS' was enhanced upon cooperative Cu-II binding at 2:1 stoichiometry and then suppressed at the 2:2 ratio. The activity of all other mutants was simply suppressed by Cu-II ions. These results represent successful switching of A6/E9Ida(4)-RNase S' activity in dual mode, that is, suppression (OFF) or enhancement (ON), depending on the environmental Cu-II concentration. Thus it has been established that rational design of a metal-binding site can confer the dual mode of response to a metal cation on the structure and activity of an enzyme.
Single- or Dual-Mode Switching of Semisynthetic Ribonuclease S′ with an Iminodiacetic Acid Moiety in Response to the Copper(II) Concentration
摘要:
Ribonuclease S' bearing iminodiacetic acid as a metal-binding site was designed and semisynthesized by self-assembly of native S-protein with chemically modified S-peptide. Iminodiacetic acid-appended amino acid (Ida(4)) was synthesized and incorporated into the S-peptide sequence by solid-phase peptide synthesis based on Fmoc chemistry at a single site or double sites of the solvent-exposed side of the S-peptide. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of these S-peptides confirmed that the Cu-II ion induced an increase or decrease of alpha-helix conformation depending on the replacement position. S-Peptide/S-protein titration monitored by conventional enzymatic activity and UV or CD spectroscopy demonstrated that various S-peptides form a stable complex (Ida(4)-RNase S') with S-protein, except when Met13 and Asp14 are replaced with Ida4. In Cu-II titration and thermal denaturation experiments with single-site replacement mutants, Cu-II binding occurred at 1:1 stoichiometry of Ida(4)/Cu-II with perturbation of the a-helix conformation. Both 2:1 and 2:2 stoichiometries were achieved by addition of Cu-II ions to double-site mutants, and were dependent on the Cu-II concentration. Most importantly, the A6/E9Ida(4)-RNase S' mutant shows cooperative binding of Cu-II ion with two Ida(4); holoenzyme stability is enhanced at 2:1 stoichiometry, but at 2:2 stoichiometry, two Ida(4) sites independently bind two Cu-II ions, and the mutant is destabilized. Other double mutants showed simple destabilization of 3D structure upon Cu-II binding. The response of the enzymatic activity of these Ida4-RNase S' to the concentration of Cu-II ion was evaluated by the hydrolysis of polyuridiric acid catalyzed by RNaseS' mutants. The Cu-II-induced activity change of single and double mutants agreed well with the structural response to Cu-II, that is, the activity of AG/E9Ida(4)-RNaseS' was enhanced upon cooperative Cu-II binding at 2:1 stoichiometry and then suppressed at the 2:2 ratio. The activity of all other mutants was simply suppressed by Cu-II ions. These results represent successful switching of A6/E9Ida(4)-RNase S' activity in dual mode, that is, suppression (OFF) or enhancement (ON), depending on the environmental Cu-II concentration. Thus it has been established that rational design of a metal-binding site can confer the dual mode of response to a metal cation on the structure and activity of an enzyme.