Piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Dual Antagonists of NMDA and GluK1-Containing Kainate Receptors
摘要:
Competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists bind to the GluN2 subunit, of which there are four types (GluN2A-D). We report that some N-1-substituted derivatives of cis-piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid display improved relative affinity for GluN2C and GluN2D versus GluN2A and GluN2B. These derivatives also display subtype selectivity among the more distantly related kainate receptor family. Compounds 18i and (-)-4 were the most potent kainate receptor antagonists, and 18i was selective for GluK1 versus GluK2, GluK3 and AMPA receptors. Modeling studies revealed structural features required for activity at GluK1 subunits and suggested that S674 was vital for antagonist activity. Consistent with this hypothesis, replacing the equivalent residue in GluK3 (alanine) with a serine imparts 18i antagonist activity. Antagonists with dual GluN2D and GluK1 antagonist activity may have beneficial effects in various neurological disorders. Consistent with this idea, antagonist 18i (30 mg/kg ip) showed antinociceptive effects in an animal model of mild nerve injury.
近年来,芳基卤化物和苄基卤化物与 CO2 的羧化取得了重大进展,成为使用化学计量量明确的金属物质的方便替代品。然而,这些过程中的大多数都需要使用自燃和空气敏感试剂,目前的方法主要限于有机卤化物。因此,非常希望发现一种温和的、操作简单的替代羧化反应,该羧化反应在广泛的底物范围内使用容易获得的偶联伙伴发生。在此,我们报告了一种新的协议,该协议涉及 CO2 协同活化的开发和惰性 C(sp(2))-O 和 C(sp(3))-O 键的相当具有挑战性的活化,这些键源自简单且廉价的酒精,这是该领域以前未被认识到的机会。这种前所未有的羧化事件的特点是其简单、温和的反应条件、显着的选择性模式以及使用对空气、水分不敏感且易于处理的镍预催化剂的优异化学选择性曲线。我们的结果使我们的方法成为一种强大的替代方案,实用性和新颖性,可以替代常用的有机卤化物作为羧化方案中的对应物。此外,这项研究首次表明,无痕导向基团允许在没有扩展
Impact of Solvent and Their Contaminants on Pd/C Catalyzed
<i>Suzuki‐Miyaura</i>
Cross‐Coupling Reactions
作者:Alexandre Lambert de Boisjan、Christophe Allemann、Luca Fadini
DOI:10.1002/hlca.202100035
日期:2021.6
work was to understand if solvent contaminants can interfere in Suzuki’s cross-coupling reactions and if it can explain the lack of robustness in industrial processes. For this purpose, several parameters were tested on the industrial model reaction between 2-bromonaphthalene and phenylboronic acid catalyzed by Pd/C. Best results were obtained using THF as solvent. Traces of the precursors of the used
Norvaline Derivative and Method for Preparation Thereof
申请人:Harada Naoyuki
公开号:US20080076769A1
公开(公告)日:2008-03-27
Norvaline derivative of the formula [I] or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, method for preparing the same, pharmaceutical composition containing the same, and use of said compound for inhibiting transporting activity of glycine transporter type 2 (GlyT2).
[wherein X is —CH
2
—, —O—, —S— or single bond; Ar is optionally substituted aryl or lower cycloalkyl; n is 0 to 2; R
1
and R
2
are (i) each is hydrogen or lower alkyl; (ii) R
1
and R
2
are combined to form lower alkylene; or (iii) R
1
is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R
2
is combined with R
4
or R
6
to form lower alkylene;
R
3
and R
4
are (i) each is hydrogen or lower alkyl; (ii) R
3
and R
4
are combined to form lower alkylene; or (iii) R
3
is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R
4
is combined with R
2
or R
6
to form lower alkylene;
R is
or —OR
7
;
R
5
and R
6
are (i) each is optionally substituted lower alkyl, or hydrogen; (ii) R
5
and R
6
are combined to form aliphatic 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic group; or (iii) R
5
is optionally substituted lower alkyl or hydrogen and R
6
is combined with R
2
or R
4
to form lower alkylene; R
7
is lower alkyl.
The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula (I)
wherein R1, Y and R2 are as described herein, compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.
Palladium charcoal-catalyzed, ligandless Suzuki reaction by using tetraarylborates in water
作者:Gang Lu、Robert Franzén、Qian Zhang、Youjun Xu
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.04.022
日期:2005.6
In water and without using any ligand, palladium charcoal-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction of tetraarylborates with aryl bromides could be achieved in excellent yield. A concise mechanism consisting of four catalytic cycles is depicted in this paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.