Bifunctionalorganocatalysts bearing an ammonium betaine framework have been developed as a new catalytic motif for the activation of carbondioxide and epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates.
subject to the steric loss of their coplanarity with the benzene ring. The substituent effects were treated successfully with the equation, Δδ=ρ(σ0+r−Δ\barσR−). The phenol series gave r−=0.673 and ρ=1.530. The same r− value appeared to be applicable to all the other series with negligible changes in the ρ value. Deviations from the correlation of particular substituents, in particular those having acidic