Chiral dinuclear phthalazine bridged bisoxazoline ligands: synthesis and application in enantioselective Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition of ZnEt2 to enones
摘要:
A new class of chiral dinuclear ligands with phthalazine bridged bisoxazoline scaffold was designed and prepared in convenient synthetic routes. H-1 NMR analysis showed that this class of ligands could coordinate with two metal ions, either same or different. These ligands afforded good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities in Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition of ZnEt2 to enones. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chiral dinuclear phthalazine bridged bisoxazoline ligands: synthesis and application in enantioselective Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition of ZnEt2 to enones
摘要:
A new class of chiral dinuclear ligands with phthalazine bridged bisoxazoline scaffold was designed and prepared in convenient synthetic routes. H-1 NMR analysis showed that this class of ligands could coordinate with two metal ions, either same or different. These ligands afforded good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities in Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition of ZnEt2 to enones. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chiral dinuclear phthalazine bridged bisoxazoline ligands: synthesis and application in enantioselective Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition of ZnEt2 to enones
A new class of chiral dinuclear ligands with phthalazine bridged bisoxazoline scaffold was designed and prepared in convenient synthetic routes. H-1 NMR analysis showed that this class of ligands could coordinate with two metal ions, either same or different. These ligands afforded good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities in Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition of ZnEt2 to enones. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thermo-, and pH dual-responsive poly(N-vinylimidazole): Preparation, characterization and its switchable catalytic activity
A monomer, 2-(isobutyramido)-3-methylbutyl methacrylate (IMMA) was synthesized through a two-step reaction. When a few of IMMA (less than 4 mol%) was copolymerized with N-vinylimidazole (Vim) under free radical polymerization condition, water-soluble P(VIm-co-IMMA) copolymers were obtained. Their structural information was verified and interpreted from H-1 NMR, FTIR and GPC. Kinetic analyses from H-1 NMR demonstrated that one-batch addition of IMMA into the polymerization system led to an inhomogeneous distribution of IMMA units in the copolymers, whereas homogeneous distribution of IMMA units in the copolymers could be obtained through the portion-wise addition of IMMA monomer. The thermal properties of such copolymers were measured by DSC. Compared with PVIm homopolymer, the few IMMA units in the P(VIm-co-IMMA) copolymer had little influence on the T-g values. The obtained P(VIm-co-IMMA) copolymers were thermoresponsive in water, and their phase transition temperatures could be efficiently raised through reducing the IMMA content in the copolymers, raising the addition times of IMMA monomers or lowering the pH of media. Dynamic light scattering analysis showed that unlike the traditional thermoresponsive linear polymers, obvious size shrinkage around the phase transition temperature could not be observed in such P(VIm-co-IMMA) copolymers. Such copolymers could be used as smart organocatalysts in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate. Below the phase transition temperature the reaction rate followed the Arrhenius law, but above the phase transition temperature the reaction rate increased much slower than the prediction from the Arrhenius law. Moreover, the catalytic transition temperature could be tuned through utilizing the P(VIm-co-IMMA) copolymers with different phase transition temperature. The mechanism was discussed accordingly. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.