Perfluoro phthalonitrile substituted separately with perfluoroalkyl (EWG) and NH2, NHMe, and NMe2 (EDG) groups generate a series of aromatic C-H bonds-free nitriles that can now lose electrons, whose HOMO–LUMO gap is narrowed by EDG beyond the level induced by EWG, and whose dipole moments double. Molecular parameters vary linearly with Hammett’s free-energy constants, their electronic underpinning being uncovered by DFT calculations. The phthalonitriles’ assembling in solid-state structures is determined by forces that transition from van der Waals, in the case of EWG, to H-bonding and/or [Formula: see text]-stacking interactions in the case of EDG, as revealed by their single-crystal X-ray structures.
分别被
全氟烷基(EWG)和 NH2、NHMe 和 NMe2(EDG)取代的
全氟邻苯二腈产生了一系列不含 C-H 键的芳香族腈,这些腈现在可以失去电子,其 HOMO-LUMO 间隙因 EDG 而缩小,超过了 EWG 诱导的
水平,而且偶极矩加倍。分子参数随 Hammett 自由能常数线性变化,其电子基础通过 DFT 计算得以揭示。邻苯二
腈类化合物在固态结构中的组装是由其单晶 X 射线结构所决定的,在 EWG 的情况下,这些力会从范德华力转变为 H 键和/或[公式:见正文]-堆积相互作用,在 EDG 的情况下,这些力会从范德华力转变为 H 键和/或[公式:见正文]-堆积相互作用。