Reduced male fertility can be caused by genetic factors affecting gamete formation or function; in particular, chromosome abnormalities are a possible cause of male subfertility as shown by their higher frequency in infertile men than in the general male population. Meiotic studies in a number of these males have shown spermatogenesis breakdown, often related to alterations in the process of chromosome synapsis. Indeed, any condition that can interfere with X-Y bivalent formation and X-chromosome inactivation is critical to the meiotic process; furthermore, asynapsed regions may themselves represent a signal for the meiotic checkpoint that eliminates spermatocytes with synaptic errors. We performed cytogenetic, hormonal and seminal studies in 333 infertile patients selected because azoospermic, severely oligozoospermic or normozoospermic with failure to fertilize the partner's oocytes in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. Our findings: 1) confirm the high incidence of chromosomal anomalies among infertile males; 2) highlight the relevance in male infertility of quantitative/positional modifications of the constitutive heterochromatin; and 3) underline the relevance of cooperation between andrologists and cytogenetists prior to every kind of assisted reproduction, above all prior to intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in which selective hurdles eliminating abnormal germ cells are bypassed. (C) 2000, Editrice Kurtis.
Die Reduktion von β-Benzoyl-propionsäuren aus der Reihe des Resorcins
作者:F. Zymalkowski、J. Gelberg
DOI:10.1002/ardp.19662990614
日期:——
mit NaBH4 bis zur Stufe der Hydroxysaure reduzieren. Die Ursachen werden diskutiert. Die elektrolytische Reduktionvon Succinoylphenolen an einer Bleikathode liefert neben γ-Aryl-γ-hydroxybuttersauren deren pinacolartige Dimerisate, die durch Protonenkatalyse lactonisiert werden. 4-Methoxyphenyl-butyrolacton kann mit BBr3 entmethyliert werden. Die Reaktion last sich nicht auf 4-Methoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl-butyrolacton
Phenoxypropylamine derivatives or salts thereof and antiulcer agents containing the same
申请人:TERUMO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
公开号:EP0426573A2
公开(公告)日:1991-05-08
Novel phenoxypropylamine derivative having the formula (I)
wherein R₁ and R₂ represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R₃ and R₄ represent a lower alkyl group, or R₃ and R₄ taken together represent a group having the formula (̵CH₂)̵m wherein m represents 4 or 5, and n represents an integer of from 2 to 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The compounds are useful as a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and an antiulcer agent.
METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING IN VITRO OR EX VIVO PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND/OR INTESTINAL DYSBIOSES
申请人:Chery Celine
公开号:US20100028901A1
公开(公告)日:2010-02-04
The invention relates to the use of at least one of the following Formula (I) compounds:
wherein
n=1,
Ra notably represents —COOH,
Rb notably represents —CH
3
—,
Z notably represents —CH
2
—CHOH—,
wherein the compound may be in the form of salts or, if at least one asymmetric carbon atom is present, in the form of isolated isomers or as a racemic mixture,
as a physiological marker for carrying out a method for the in vitro or ex vivo diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and/or intestinal dysbioses.