A Comparison of Commercial Microwave Reactors for Scale-Up within Process Chemistry
摘要:
Seven commercially available microwave reactors designed for limited scale-up have been investigated using a highly reliable and robust reaction (the Newman-Kwart rearrangement). The use of a single reaction has enabled the comparison to be made across the range of different reactor types and scales. Overall, all reactors gave reliable scale-up from small scale, and performance equivalent to one another on large scale. A more detailed comparison between them is given in the concluding section.
The Newman−Kwart Rearrangement: A Microwave Kinetic Study
作者:John P. Gilday、Philip Lenden、Jonathan D. Moseley、Brian G. Cox
DOI:10.1021/jo702633g
日期:2008.4.1
The kinetic profile of the Newman−Kwart rearrangement has been evaluated using microwave heating. After first demonstrating equivalence between conventional convective heating and microwave heating, data was gathered and analyzed to determine the effects of substituent, solvent, and concentration on the reaction order. Reaction rate constants, Arrhenius constants, and activation energies have been
Microwave-mediated Newman–Kwart rearrangement in water
作者:Ina Hoffmann、Jürgen Schatz
DOI:10.1039/c6ra20676j
日期:——
For the first time the unimolecular Newman–Kwart rearrangement is performed in pure water.
这是第一次在纯水中进行单分子Newman-Kwart重排。
Palladium−Copper Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzofused Heterocycles with Two Heteroatoms: Novel and Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Syntheses of (<i>E</i>)-2-(2-Arylvinyl)-3-tosyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazoles and (<i>E</i>)-2-Alkyl(aryl)idene-3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-1,4-benzothiazines
作者:Nitya G. Kundu、Bidisha Nandi
DOI:10.1021/jo001783+
日期:2001.6.1
A highly novel, general, and convenient palladium and copper-catalyzed procedure has been developed for the synthesis of (E)-2-(2-arylvinyl)-3-tosyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazoles 28-40. 3-(2-Aminophenylthio)prop-1-yne 1 reacts with aryl iodides 2-14 under palladium-copper catalysis to yield the disubstituted alkynes 15-27 which after tosylation undergo a novel cyclization with CuI in the presence
Scaling-Out Pharmaceutical Reactions in an Automated Stop-Flow Microwave Reactor
作者:Jonathan D. Moseley、Emily K. Woodman
DOI:10.1021/op800091p
日期:2008.9.19
Six pharmaceutically relevant reactions were assessed for scale-out in an automated stop-flow microwave reactor. Daily throughputs of between 50 and 250 g were achieved at typical reaction concentrations; for more concentrated reactions, or with 24 h processing, productivity of 0.5-1.5 kg per day was achievable. This study confirms that the stop-flow approach in combination with rapid microwave heating can be equivalent to conventional continuous flow technology with comparable productivities.
The Conversion of Phenols to Thiophenols via Dialkylthiocarbamates<sup>1</sup>