(5-Amino-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(2-fluorophenyl)methanones. A series of novel potential antipsychotic agents
作者:Lawrence D. Wise、Donald E. Butler、Horace A. DeWald、David Lustgarten、Linda L. Coughenour、David A. Downs、Thomas G. Heffner、Thomas A. Pugsley
DOI:10.1021/jm00159a011
日期:1986.9
(5-Amino-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(2-fluorophenyl)methanone (1) was found to have an antipsychotic-like profile in behavioral tests predictive of antipsychotic efficacy but, unlike available antipsychotic agents, did not bind in vitro to dopamine receptors. Upon further evaluation, 1 was found to cause clonic seizures in aged rodents. An examination of related structures revealed that 5-(substituted aminoacetamide) analogues of 1 shared this novel pharmacology and did not cause seizures. The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of this series of compounds are described. Two compounds, 2-(diethylamino)acetamide (25) and 2-[[3-(2-methyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl]-amino]acetamide (38), were selected for examination in secondary tests. Like known antipsychotics both compounds reduced spontaneous locomotion in mice at doses that did not cause ataxia and inhibited conditioned avoidance selectively in both rats and monkeys. Unlike known antipsychotics neither 25 nor 38 elicited dystonic movements in haloperidol-sensitized cebus monkeys, a primate model of antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects. Biochemical studies indicated that these compounds act via a nondopaminergic mechanism. Neither 25 nor 38 bound to dopamine receptors in vitro or caused changes in striatal dopamine metabolism in vivo. In addition, they did not raise serum prolactin levels as do known antipsychotics. Although adverse animal toxicological findings have precluded clinical evaluation of these agents, the present results indicate that it is possible to identify at the preclinical level nondopaminergic compounds with antipsychotic-like properties.
(5-氨基-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)(2-氟苯基)甲酮(1)在预测抗精神病药物效力的行为测试中被发现具有抗精神病样特性,但它与现有的抗精神病药物不同,体外不与多巴胺受体结合。在进一步的评估中,发现1会导致老年啮齿类动物出现阵挛性癫痫。对相关结构的分析表明,1的5-(取代氨基乙酰胺)类似物具有这种新颖的药理学特性,但不会引起癫痫。文中描述了这一系列化合物的合成和药理学评价。两种化合物,2-(二乙基氨基)乙酰胺(25)和2-[[3-(2-甲基-1-吡咯烷基)丙基]氨基]乙酰胺(38),被选中进行次级测试。与已知的抗精神病药物一样,这两种化合物在不引起共济失调的情况下,降低了小鼠的自发运动,并在大鼠和猴子中选择性抑制了条件回避反应。与已知的抗精神病药物不同,25和38都不会引起氯丙嗪敏感的卷尾猴的迟发性运动障碍,这是一种模拟抗精神病药物引起的锥体外系副作用的灵长类动物模型。生化研究表明,这些化合物通过非多巴胺能机制发挥作用。25和38在体外均不与多巴胺受体结合,也不会改变纹状体中多巴胺的代谢,并且与已知的抗精神病药物不同,它们不会升高血清催乳素水平。尽管不良的动物毒理学结果排除了这些药物的临床评估,但目前的结果表明,在临床前阶段有可能发现具有抗精神病样特性的非多巴胺能化合物。