氟代烷基卤化物R f 8(CH 2)m X(m = 2,3; X = Cl,I)的全氟甲基萘烷溶液对NaCl,KI,KCN和NaOAc水溶液呈惰性。然而,替代以10摩尔%的氟铵盐的存在下发生,在100℃(ř ˚F 8(CH 2)2)(R ˚F 8(CH 2)5)3 Ñ +我- (1)或(R f 8(CH 2)3)4Ñ +溴- (2)(10摩尔%),这是完全或部分可溶于这些条件下perfluoromethyldecalin。(a)1和R f 8(CH 2)3 Br以及(b)2和R f 8(CH 2)2 I的化学计量反应在全氟甲基十氢化萘中于100°C进行,得到相同的R f 8( CH 2)m I / R f 8(CH 2)m溴平衡比(60–65:40–35)。这表明离子置换可以发生在极非极性的氟相中,并提出了催化反应的经典相转移机理。有趣的是,所述非氟铵盐混合物CH 3(CH 3(CH 2)米)3
Syntheses of fluorous quaternary ammonium salts and their application as phase transfer catalysts for halide substitution reactions in extremely nonpolar fluorous solvents
作者:Debaprasad Mandal、John A. Gladysz
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.012
日期:2010.1
shows that ionic displacements can take place in extremely nonpolar fluorous phases, and suggests a classical phase transfer mechanism for the catalyzed reactions. Interestingly, the non-fluorous ammoniumsalt mixture CH3(CH3(CH2)m)3N+ Cl− (3, Aliquat® 336; m=2:1 7/9) also catalyzes halide substitutions, but under triphasic conditions with 3 suspended between the lower fluorous and upper aqueous layers
氟代烷基卤化物R f 8(CH 2)m X(m = 2,3; X = Cl,I)的全氟甲基萘烷溶液对NaCl,KI,KCN和NaOAc水溶液呈惰性。然而,替代以10摩尔%的氟铵盐的存在下发生,在100℃(ř ˚F 8(CH 2)2)(R ˚F 8(CH 2)5)3 Ñ +我- (1)或(R f 8(CH 2)3)4Ñ +溴- (2)(10摩尔%),这是完全或部分可溶于这些条件下perfluoromethyldecalin。(a)1和R f 8(CH 2)3 Br以及(b)2和R f 8(CH 2)2 I的化学计量反应在全氟甲基十氢化萘中于100°C进行,得到相同的R f 8( CH 2)m I / R f 8(CH 2)m溴平衡比(60–65:40–35)。这表明离子置换可以发生在极非极性的氟相中,并提出了催化反应的经典相转移机理。有趣的是,所述非氟铵盐混合物CH 3(CH 3(CH 2)米)3
Convenient Syntheses of a Family of Easily Recoverable Fluorous Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Aliphatic Amines NH3−x[(CH2)m(CF2)7CF3]x(m = 3−5;x = 1−3) − Fine Tuning of Basicities and Fluorous Phase Affinities
NH(CH2C6H5)[(CH2)mRf8] (excess amine, 88−90%) or N(CH2C6H5)[(CH2)mRf8]2 (excess aldehyde, 85−91%). Subsequent hydrogenolyses (Pd/C, 1 atm H2) give the title primary amines NH2[(CH2)mRf8] (10−12; 98−99%) or secondaryamines NH[(CH2)mRf8]2 (13−15; 92−99%). The aldehyde condensations are repeated with 13−15 to give tertiary amines N[(CH2)mRf8]3 (16−18; 86−97%) with very high fluorousphase affinities. These decrease