Hydrolytic Reactivity Trends among Potential Prodrugs of the O<sup>2</sup>-Glycosylated Diazeniumdiolate Family. Targeting Nitric Oxide to Macrophages for Antileishmanial Activity
作者:Carlos A. Valdez、Joseph E. Saavedra、Brett M. Showalter、Keith M. Davies、Thomas C. Wilde、Michael L. Citro、Joseph J. Barchi、Jeffrey R. Deschamps、Damon Parrish、Stefan El-Gayar、Ulrike Schleicher、Christian Bogdan、Larry K. Keefer
DOI:10.1021/jm8000482
日期:2008.7
Glycosylated diazeniumdiolates of structure R(2)NN(O)=NO-R' (R' = a saccharide residue) are potential prodrugs of the nitric oxide (NO)-releasing but acid-sensitive R(2)NN(O)=NO(-) ion. Moreover, cleaving the acid-stable glycosides under alkaline conditions provides a convenient protecting group strategy for diazeniumdiolate ions. Here, we report comparative hydrolysis rate data for five representative glycosylated diazeniumdiolates at pH 14, 7.4, and 3.8-4.6 as background for further developing both the protecting group application and the ability to target NO pharmacologically to macrophages harboring intracellular pathogens. Confirming the potential in the latter application, adding R(2)NN(O)=NO-GlcNAc (where R(2)N = diethylamino or pyrrolidin-1-yl and GlcNAc = N-acetylglucosamin-1-yl) to cultures of infected mouse macrophages that were deficient in inducible NO synthase caused rapid death of the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania major with no host cell toxicity.