Isolation of lingzhifuran A and lingzhilactones D–F from Ganoderma lucidum as specific Smad3 phosphorylation inhibitors and total synthesis of lingzhifuran A
(2–4), four new phenolic meroterpenoids were isolatedfrom the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data. Chiral HPLC analysis indicates the racemic nature of 2–4. Chiral separation followed by X-ray diffraction analysis discloses the absolute configuration of (−)-2. Compounds 1 and 2 could selectively inhibit TGF-β1-induced Smad3 phosphorylation in rat