转录因子核因子类红细胞2相关因子2(Nrf2)及其负调节剂E3连接酶衔接子Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Keap1)控制氧化还原和代谢体内稳态以及氧化应激。Keap1-Nrf2相互作用的抑制剂在氧化应激相关的炎性疾病中很有前途,但现在遇到了障碍。通过利用噻唑烷酮部分来屏蔽Keap1-Nrf2抑制剂中的关键羧基药效团,开发了一种过氧化氢(H 2 O 2)响应型前药pro2。前药修饰改善了母体药物的理化性质和细胞膜通透性。Pro2稳定并在各种生理条件下保持惰性,而通过刺激H 2 O 2或炎症衍生的活性氧而变得活跃。而且,pro2显示出适合口服给药的适当的药代动力学特征,并增强了体内的抗炎效率。因此,这种新颖的前药方法不仅可以为治疗高水平H 2 O 2的慢性炎性疾病提供重要的进展,而且可以为改善Keap1-Nrf2抑制剂的类药物和选择性问题提供新的解决方案。
已知Keap1介导Nrf2的泛素化,Nrf2是抗氧化反应的主要调节剂。直接中断Keap1-Nrf2相互作用已成为开发新型抗氧化剂,抗炎剂和抗癌剂的一种有前途的策略。上Keap1的的分子结合决定簇分析的基础上,我们成功地设计和表征Keap1的-Nrf2的,化合物的最有力的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)抑制剂2,与ķ d 3.59纳米的值绑定到Keap1的首次到一位数纳摩尔。化合物2可有效破坏Nrf2-Keap1与EC 50的相互作用在荧光偏振测定中为28.6nM。它也可以剂量依赖的方式在基于细胞的ARE-荧光素酶报告基因分析中激活Nrf2转录活性。Nrf2转录目标的qRT-PCR结果给出了一致的结果。这些结果证实,通过小分子可以完全,直接,高效地中断Keap1-Nrf2 PPI。
[EN] NAPHTHALENESULFONAMIDE COMPOUND, PREPARATION METHOD, AND APPLICATION<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉ DE NAPHTALÈNE SULFONAMIDE, PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION ET UTILISATION<br/>[ZH] 一种萘磺酰胺类化合物、制备方法和应用
A Comparative Assessment Study of Known Small-Molecule Keap1−Nrf2 Protein–Protein Interaction Inhibitors: Chemical Synthesis, Binding Properties, and Cellular Activity
作者:Kim T. Tran、Jakob S. Pallesen、Sara M. Ø. Solbak、Dilip Narayanan、Amina Baig、Jie Zang、Alejandro Aguayo-Orozco、Rosa M. C. Carmona、Anthony D. Garcia、Anders Bach
DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00723
日期:2019.9.12
Inhibiting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between the transcription factor Nrf2 and its repressor protein Keap1 has emerged as a promising strategy to target oxidative stress in diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Numerous non-covalent small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors have been reported to date, but many feature suboptimal physicochemical properties for permeating the blood brain barrier, while others contain problematic structural moieties. Here, we present the first side-by-side assessment of all reported Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitor classes using fluorescence polarization, thermal shift assay, and surface plasmon resonance-and further evaluate the compounds in an NQO1 induction cell assay and in counter tests for nonspecific activities. Surprisingly, half of the compounds were inactive or deviated substantially from reported activities, while we confirm the cross-assay activities for others. Through this study, we have identified the most promising Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitors that can serve as pharmacological probes or starting points for developing CNS-active Keap1 inhibitors.
Structure–Activity and Structure–Property Relationship and Exploratory in Vivo Evaluation of the Nanomolar Keap1–Nrf2 Protein–Protein Interaction Inhibitor
Directly disrupting the Keap1-Nrf2 protein protein interaction (PPI) is an effective way to activate Nrf2. Using the potent Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitor that was reported by our group, we conducted a preliminary investigation of the structure activity and structure property relationships of the ring systems to improve the drug-like properties. Compound 18e, which bore p-acetamido substituents on the side chain phenyl rings, was the best choice for balancing PPI inhibition activity, physicochemical properties, and cellular Nrf2 activity. Cell-based experiments with 18e showed that the Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitor can activate Nrf2 and induce the expression of Nrf2 downstream proteins in an Nrf2-dependent manner. An exploratory in vivo experiment was carried out to further evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of 18e in a LPS-challenged mouse model. The primary results indicated that 18e could reduce the level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS and relieve the inflammatory response.