Two transition-metal-free methods to access substituted phenols via the arylation of silanols or hydrogen peroxide with diaryliodoniumsalts are presented. The complementary reactivity of the two nucleophiles allows synthesis of a broad range of phenols without competing aryne formation, as illustrated by the synthesis of the anesthetic Propofol. Furthermore, silyl-protected phenols can easily be obtained
CuBr was found to be an efficient catalyst for the C–N crosscouplingreaction of purine and diaryliodonium salts. 9-Arylpurines were synthesized in excellent yields with short reaction times (2.5 h). The method represents an alternative to the synthesis of 9-arylpurines viaCu(II) catalyzed C–N couplingreaction with arylboronicacids as arylating agents.
Diaryliodonium salts react with carbon monoxide, in the presence of zinc and a catalytic amount of palladium acetate, to give a mixture of the corresponding diarylketones and diaryl-α-diketones under mild conditions.
Biaryls are readily obtained in good yields by reductive coupling reactions of various diaryliodonium salts in the presence of zinc and a palladium catalyst under mild conditions.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a salt, including reacting M
+
X
−
with YH to generate XH and M
+
Y
−
and subsequently removing the generated XH to obtain the M
+
Y
−
.
In the method of producing a salt, M
+
X
−
is a salt of a cation represented by M
+
and an anion represented by X
−
, M
+
Y
−
is a salt of the cation represented by M
+
and an anion represented by Y
−
, XH is a conjugate acid of X
−
, YH is a conjugate acid of Y
−
, M
+
Y
−
is a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with an active ray or a radioactive ray, a pKa of XH is larger than a pKa of YH, and a ClogP value of XH is larger than 2.