The metal-bound ethoxide species that are quantitatively formed upon mixing equimolar amounts of Me4NOEt and alkaline-earth (Ba, Sr) metal salt in ethanol solution are more reactive than free ethoxide in the cleavage of simple activated amides (e.g. N-methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetanilide) lacking any donor group for binding to the metal ion. It is suggested that a metal-coordinated solvent molecule acts as a general acid catalyst for expulsion of the aniline leaving group in the ratel determining step. The position of the proton in the transition state is strongly dependent upon structural variations in the aniline portion, as suggested by the magnitude of kinetic solvent isotope effects. Enhanced catalysis is observed upon addition of equimolar amounts of 18-crown-6, which is tentatively interpreted on the basis of the notion that ion pairing is weakened upon cation binding to a crown ether. Important differences concerning metal ion effects in amide vs ester cleavage are pointed out and discussed on the basis of results obtained upon structural modifications of the substrates.
Protolytic catalysis of anilide methanolysis. Spectator catalysis of leaving-group departure
作者:K. S. Venkatasubban、Richard L. Schowen
DOI:10.1021/jo00178a015
日期:1984.2
US7329681B2
申请人:——
公开号:US7329681B2
公开(公告)日:2008-02-12
Inhibitors of IMPDH enzyme
申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated
公开号:US06344465B1
公开(公告)日:2002-02-05
The present invention relates to a novel class of compounds which are IMPDH inhibitors. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well suited for inhibiting IMPDH enzyme activity and consequently, may be advantageously used as therapeutic agents for IMPDH mediated processes. This invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the activity of IMPDH using the compounds of this invention and related compounds.