Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) is one of the most well-known fundamental reactions in organic chemistry to generate new molecules from two molecules. In principle, a nucleophile attacks from the back side of an alkylatingagent having a suitable leaving group, most commonly a halide. However, alkyl halides are expensive, very harmful, toxic and not so stable, which makes them problematic
[EN] CHOLESTEROL/BILE ACID/BILE ACID DERIVATIVE-MODIFIED THERAPEUTIC ANTI-CANCER DRUGS<br/>[FR] MEDICAMENTS ANTICANCEREUX THERAPEUTIQUES MODIFIES PAR LE CHOLESTEROL/L'ACIDE BILIAIRE/LES DERIVES D'ACIDE BILIAIRE
申请人:SONUS PHARMA INC
公开号:WO2005118612A1
公开(公告)日:2005-12-15
Cholesterol-modified anti-cancer therapeutic drug compounds, bile-acid-modified anti-cancer therapeutic drug compounds, and bile-acid-derivative-modified anti-cancer therapeutic drug compounds; emulsion, microemulsion, and micelle formulations that include the compounds, methods for administering the compounds and formulations; and methods for treating cancer using the compounds and formulations.
[EN] LOW VISCOSITY IONIC LIQUIDS<br/>[FR] LIQUIDES IONIQUES DE FAIBLE VISCOSITÉ
申请人:INVISTA TECH SARL
公开号:WO2011100232A1
公开(公告)日:2011-08-18
Disclosed is an ionic liquid formula (I): wherein: n is 1 or 2; R1 is selected from H and (C1-C6)alkyl; R2 is selected from -(CH2)wO[(CH2)xO(CH2)y]m(CH2)zCH3 and wherein w is 1 to 6, x is 1 to 6, y is 0 to 6, z is 0 to 6, m is 0 to 3 and [w+m(x+y)+z] is less than or equal to 12; and R3 is selected from H and methyl, wherein if n is 1 then R3 is methyl, and if n is 2 then R3 is H. Also disclosed are electrochemical devices and devices employing such electrochemical devices as energy sources.
Disclosed is an ionic liquid:
wherein:
n is 1 or 2;
R
1
is selected from H and (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl;
R
2
is selected from —(CH
2
)
w
O[(CH
2
)
x
O(CH
2
)
y
]
m
(CH
2
)
z
CH
3
and
wherein w is 1 to 6, x is 1 to 6, y is 0 to 6, z is 0 to 6, m is 0 to 3 and
[w+m(x+y)+z] is less than or equal to 12; and
R
3
is selected from H and methyl, wherein
if n is 1 then R
3
is methyl, and
if n is 2 then R
3
is H.
Also disclosed are electrochemical devices and devices employing such electrochemical devices as energy sources.
Methods and kits for decomposing organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous media at ambient conditions are described. Insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents can be quickly decomposed to non-toxic products. The method comprises combining the organophosphorus compound with a non-aqueous solution, preferably an alcohol, comprising metal ions and at least a trace amount of alkoxide ions. In a first preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a lanthanum ion. In a second preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a transition metal.