Improved Synthesis of C2 and C6 Monoderivatives of α- and β-Cyclodextrin via the Click Chemistry Approach
摘要:
An efficient multigram-scale azide-alkyne coupling of cyclodextrin derivatives mono-6-azido-6-deoxy--cyclodextrin, mono-2-O-propargyl--cyclodextrin, and mono-2-O-propargyl--cyclodextrin with terminal alkynyl aryl ethers or azides, mediated by copper(I) is reported. This process uses a stoichiometric ratio of substrates and 5 mol% of the copper catalyst to give the products with full conversion; thus, no chromatographic purification is necessary. The yields of both - and -cyclodextrin derivatives are in the range of 80 to 99%.
Alkene 1,3‐Difluorination via Transient Oxonium Intermediates
作者:Alice C. Dean、E. Harvey Randle、Andrew J. D. Lacey、Guilherme A. Marczak Giorio、Sayad Doobary、Benjamin D. Cons、Alastair J. J. Lennox
DOI:10.1002/anie.202404666
日期:2024.7.22
diastereoselective hypervalentiodine-mediated 1,3-difluorination of homoallylic (aryl) ethers. The transformation proceeds through a transiently formed oxonium intermediate that is opened by fluoride to rearrange an alkyl chain. The protocol is scalable and tolerates a variety of functional groups and substitution on the alkenyl chain. Mechanistic studies reveal key insights into the reaction selectivity.
Anticancer (hexacarbonyldicobalt)propargyl aryl ethers: Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, apoptosis induction, and effect on cellular oxidative stress
作者:Sydonie D. Schimler、David J. Hall、Stefan L. Debbert
DOI:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.10.014
日期:2013.2
While an increasing number of (hexacarbonyldicobalt)alkynes have been found to possess antiproliferative activity against a number of cancer cell lines, the role of the organometallic moiety in this bioactivity is not well understood. To gain a better understanding of cobalt's role in the medicinal chemistry of these compounds, several simplified analogs of a known organocobalt anticancer compound were synthesized and assessed for antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. These compounds, mostly (hexacarbonyldicobalt)propargyl aryl ethers, caused 45-93% growth inhibition of that cell line at 40 mu M in a 72 h crystal violet staining assay. The most active analog was the organocobalt nitroaromatic ether 3a, with an IC50 of 3.3 +/- 0.9 mu M. Flow cytometric assays on the same cell line demonstrated that 3a strongly induces apoptosis, arrests the cell cycle at the S phase, increases cellular oxidative stress levels, and induces permeability of the mitochondria! membrane. While the non-cobalt-containing precursor to 3a also caused an increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability, it did not produce an increase in oxidative stress levels, nor did it have apoptosis-inducing or antiproliferative effects. The induction of oxidative stress in the cell may be responsible for some of the antiproliferative activity of compound 3a against this cell line. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.