Enantioselective Construction of Highly Substituted Vinylidenecylopentanes by Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction
作者:Barry M. Trost、Autumn Maruniak
DOI:10.1002/anie.201300275
日期:2013.6.10
A new cycloadduct: The title reaction of methylene‐trimethylenemethane (TMM) with α,β‐unsaturated N‐acyl pyrroles is an efficient method for the construction of vinylidenecyclopentanes. An asymmetric protocol using this unique donor forms cycloadducts in excellent yield and enantioselectivity, making use of a bisdiamidophosphite ligand derived from trans‐1,2‐stilbenediamine.
The ratio of chiral Bronsted acid to ammonium–phosphine hybrid ligand in the in situ preparation of ion-paired chiral ligands was found to have a notable effect on the stereocontrolling ability of the corresponding palladium complex. The use of supramolecular palladium complexes generated from palladium metal, ammonium phosphine, and a chiral phosphoric acid in a ratio of 1:2:3 enabled an excellent
A new class of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) analogues were synthesized by introduction of novel unnatural alpha-methylene-beta-amino acids (Map) at position 3 or/and position 4. Their binding and functional activity, metabolic stability, and antinociceptive activity were determined and compared. Most of these analogues showed high affinities for the mu-opioid receptor and an increased stability in mouse brain homogenates compared with EM-1. Examination of cAMP accumulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HEK293 cells confirmed the agonist properties of these analogues. Among these new analogues, H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-(2-furyl)Map-NH2 (analogue 12) exhibited the highest binding potency (K-i(mu) = 0.221 nM) and efficacy (EC50 = 0.0334 nM, E-max = 97.14%). This analogue also displayed enhanced antinociceptive activity in vivo in comparison to EM-1. Molecular modeling approaches were then carried out to demonstrate the interaction pattern of these analogues with the opioid receptors. We found that, compared to EM-1, the incorporation of our synthesized Map at position 4 would bring the analogue to a closer binding mode with the mu-opioid receptor.
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Endomorphin-1 Analogues as Extremely Potent μ-Opioid Agonists
Recently we reported the synthesis and structure activity study of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) analogues containing novel, unnatural alpha-methylene-beta-aminopropanoic acids (Map). In the present study, we describe new EM-1 analogues containing Dmt(1), (R/S)-beta Pro(2), and (ph)Map(4)/(2-furyl)Map(4). All of the analogues showed a high affinity for the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and increased stability in mouse brain homogenates. Of the new compounds, Dmt(1)-(R)-beta Pro(2)-Trp(3)-(2-furyl)Map(4) (analogue 12) displayed the highest affinity toward MOR, in the picomolar range (K-i(mu) = 3.72 pM). Forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assays indicated that this analogue displayed an extremely high agonistic potency, in the subpicomolar range (EC50 = 0.0421 pM, E-max = 99.5%). This compound also displayed stronger in vivo antinociceptive activity after iv administration when compared to morphine in the tail-flick test, which indicates that this analogue was able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration
作者:Xin Liu、Long Zhao、Yuan Wang、Lingyun Mou、Junxian Yang、Yixin Zhang、Dan Wang、Rui Wang
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.025
日期:2015.11
We synthesized two novel endomorphin-1 (EM-1) analogs by substituting the C-terminus residue with (thienyl)-alpha-methylene-beta-amino acids (Map). Several in vitro and in vivo assays were used to determine the activity of the analogs. The two EM-1 analogs showed subnanomolar binding affinity and functional activity at the mu-opioid receptor in HEK293 cells. Tail-flick and formalin tests further revealed that the EM-1 analogs were very effective after intravenous administration. Our results indicate that compared to endomorphin-1, the (thienyl)Map modified peptides showed improved blood-brain barrier permeability. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.