Synthesis, Oral Bioavailability Determination, and in vitro Evaluation of Prodrugs of the Antiviral Agent 9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA)
作者:John E. Jr. Starrett、David R. Tortolani、John Russell、Michael J. M. Hitchcock、Valerie Whiterock、John C. Martin、Muzammil M. Mansuri
DOI:10.1021/jm00038a015
日期:1994.6
increase the oral bioavailability of the anti-HIV agent 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA; 1). The majority of the bis(alkyl ester) and bis(alkyl amide) prodrugs were prepared by alcohol or amine displacement of dichlorophosphonate 2. Basic hydrolysis of the bis(esters) or bis(amides) provided the corresponding monoesters or monoamides. Synthesis of bis[(acyloxy)alkyl] phosphonates 10a-c was accomplished
为了提高抗HIV药物9- [2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙基]腺嘌呤(PMEA; 1)的口服生物利用度,评估了一系列膦酸酯前药。大多数双(烷基酯)和双(烷基酰胺)前药是通过乙醇或胺置换二氯膦酸酯2而制得的。双(酯)或双(酰胺)的碱性水解得到相应的单酯或单酰胺。双[((酰氧基)烷基)膦酸酯10a-c的合成是通过在N,N'-二环己基吗啉羧box存在下用适当的氯甲基醚对PMEA进行烷基化来完成的。通过在给药前48小时测量尿液中PMEA的浓度来确定大鼠口服PMEA前药后的PMEA全身水平。经测定,采用该方法的PMEA的口服生物利用度为7.8%。双(烷基)膦酸酯3a,b的口服给药导致前药的表观吸收(>或= 40%),尽管没有一个酯被完全裂解而释放出母体膦酸酯PMEA。单(烷基酯)7a-e和8a,b显示出不良的口服生物利用度(<或= 5%)。磷酰胺5、6和9在酸性条件下不稳定,口服后可提供与母体化合物相当的P