An Argument for Deregulating the Transfer of Agricultural Technologies to Developing Countries
作者:D. Gisselquist、G. Jean-Marie
DOI:10.1093/wber/14.1.111
日期:2000.1.1
In the past few decades many developing countries have liberalized trade and investment, removing barriers to imports and allowing the introduction of new foreign technologies. Unfortunately, agriculture often remains outside this reform process. Regulatory obstacles continue to restrain the transfer of technologies through private trade in seeds and other inputs. Industrial countries characteristically allow the transfer of private and public technologies through multiple channels. Developing countries often force technology transfer through a single channel controlled by government agencies, with an emphasis on official performance tests. This article analyzes the institutional arrangements governing the international transfer of new agricultural technologies, examining the cases of agricultural machinery in Bangladesh and seed varieties in Turkey. The analysis shows that allowing the private transfer of technologies and refocusing input regulations on externalities could lead to significant productivity and income gains in developing countries.
在过去几十年中,许多发展中国家实现了贸易和投资自由化,消除了进口壁垒,并允许引进新的外国技术。遗憾的是,农业往往仍处于这一改革进程之外。监管障碍继续限制着通过种子和其他投入的私人贸易进行技术转让。工业国家的特点是允许通过多种渠道转让私人和公共技术。而发展中国家往往通过政府机构控制的单一渠道强制进行技术转让,并强调官方绩效测试。本文以孟加拉国的农业机械和土耳其的种子品种为例,分析了农业新技术国际转让的制度安排。分析表明,允许私人转让技术并将投入品监管的重点重新放在外部性上,可为发展中国家带来显著的生产率和收入增长。