Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Structure–Activity Relationships of N-Benzoyl-2-hydroxybenzamides as Agents Active against P. falciparum (K1 strain), Trypanosomes, and Leishmania
摘要:
In our efforts to identify novel chemical scaffolds for the development of new antiprotozoal drugs, a compound library was screened against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites with activity discovered for N-(4-ethylbenzoyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide la against T. gondii as described elsewhere. Synthesis of a compound set was guided by T. gondii SAR with 1r found to be superior for T. gondii, also active against Thai and Sierra Leone strains of Plasmodium falciparum, and with superior ADMET properties as described elsewhere. Herein, synthesis methods and details of the chemical analysis of the compounds in this series are described. Further, this series of N-benzoyl-2-hydroxybenzamides was repurposed for testing against four other protozoan parasites: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and P. falciparum (K1 isolate). Structure-activity analyses led to the identification of compounds in this set with excellent antileishmanial activity (compound 1d). Overall, compound 1r was the best and had activity 21-fold superior to that of the standard antimalarial drug chloroquine against the K1 P. falciparum isolate.
A novel Hemozoin Detoxification Protein (HDP) from
Plasmodium
and related parasites is provided as a target for therapeutic intervention in diseases caused by the parasites. HDP has been shown to play a critical role in adhesion to, or invasion into, host cells by the parasite. Furthermore, HDP catalyzes the neutralization of heme by the parasite, by promoting its polymerization into hemozoin. This invention provides methods and compositions for therapies based on the administration of protein, DNA or cell-based vaccines and/or antibodies based on HDP, or antigenic epitopes of HDP, either alone or in combination with other parasite antigens. Methods for the development and use of compounds that inhibit the catalytic activity of HDP, and diagnostic and laboratory methods utilizing HDP are also provided. HDP is also referred to herein as Fasciclin Related Adhesive Protein (FRAP).
POLYCARBONATE RESIN COMPOSITION CONTAINING TRIAZINE COMPOUND AND MOLDED ARTICLE USING THE SAME
申请人:Kitagawa Takashi
公开号:US20110077331A1
公开(公告)日:2011-03-31
A polycarbonate resin composition comprising a compound represented by the following formula (1):
wherein each of R
1a
, R
1b
, R
1c
, R
1d
and R
1e
independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent provided that OH is excluded, at least one of the substituents represents a substituent having a Hammett's σp value of 0.3 or more, and the substituents may be combined each other to form a ring; and each of R
1g
, R
1h
, R
1i
, R
1j
, R
1k
, R
1m
, R
1n
and R
1p
independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, and the substituents may be combined each other to form a ring.