Cooperative Catalyst Effects in Palladium-Mediated Cyanation Reactions of Aryl Halides and Triflates
摘要:
Substoichiometric quantities of copper or zinc species dramatically improve both conversion rate and efficiency of Pd(0)-catalyzed cyanation reactions. The optimum reaction conditions involve the use of a nitrile solvent, NaCN, and a catalyst system employing the combination of cuprous iodide with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) [Pd(PPh3)(4)]. Beneficial effects were observed for the conversion of aryl halides, aryl triflates, and a vinyl bromide to the corresponding nitriles. The process was demonstrated on preparative scale with a broad range of aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates containing diverse functionality. A dual catalytic cycle is proposed to explain the profound influences of the cocatalyst system.
Cooperative Catalyst Effects in Palladium-Mediated Cyanation Reactions of Aryl Halides and Triflates
作者:Benjamin A. Anderson、Edward C. Bell、Francis O. Ginah、Nancy K. Harn、Lisa M. Pagh、James P. Wepsiec
DOI:10.1021/jo9808674
日期:1998.11.1
Substoichiometric quantities of copper or zinc species dramatically improve both conversion rate and efficiency of Pd(0)-catalyzed cyanation reactions. The optimum reaction conditions involve the use of a nitrile solvent, NaCN, and a catalyst system employing the combination of cuprous iodide with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) [Pd(PPh3)(4)]. Beneficial effects were observed for the conversion of aryl halides, aryl triflates, and a vinyl bromide to the corresponding nitriles. The process was demonstrated on preparative scale with a broad range of aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates containing diverse functionality. A dual catalytic cycle is proposed to explain the profound influences of the cocatalyst system.